Saturday, February 29, 2020

Bioethics and Health Care

Introduction: The controversy over water fluoridation in the community arises from moral, ethical, political and security issues related to water fluoridation. As early as 1930 there was an inverse relationship between the fluoride concentration in drinking water and the presence of caries. The use of public water for transporting drugs such as fluorination violates medical ethics. Ethical issues related to water fluoridation include the balance of risks and benefits, the presence of other interventions with the same consequences, and the role of consent. For more than a decade, bioethics and health care professionals have struggled to determine the exact meaning of being medically ineffective. The word waste comes from the Latin futilis. In other words, it is easy to melt. It is a common usage developed from the Greek legend that the daughter of King Arnaus of Argos killed her husband and as a punishment they were forced to gather water permanently in a bucket that leaked water. To reach the empty bucket destination, when the goal is water, provide useless definitions as less or invalid. With the rapid development of medical technology, the work of medical staff is to investigate the resulting ethical dilemma. This is where bioethics works. By applying ethical principles to the medical field, bioethics aims to research and study ways to make decisions on health management. It is a core element to ensure that medical practices and procedures will benefit society as a whole. I explained that the term bioethics was originally introduced in 1971 to refer to a combination of biology, biological science and human knowledge. However, its uses such as clinical decisions, controversial new research, the impact of new technologies, global concerns, public policy, etc. are more widespread today. In fact, bioethics has played a central role in affecting policy changes and laws in recent years. Detailed discussion on current bioethical issues affecting the provision of med ical services. Exploring ethical theory and related principles as a basis for occupational decision making and public policy decision. The course focuses on ethics research process and modern health practices, the relationship between research and education. The historical and comparative analysis of the Western, non-Western, indigenous and indigenous American philosophy includes the essential, aesthetic and utility value of nature and land. We will study modern environmental ethics in detail, such as deep ecology, land ethics, eco feminism, animal rights theory.

Thursday, February 13, 2020

Frederick douglass Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Frederick douglass - Term Paper Example The African descendents were treated worse than farm animals which reduced them to relying on survival instincts, acting like animals. This ‘cause an effect’ reality reinforced stereotypes that slaves were more similar to animals than humans. Frederick Douglass experienced all of these indignities as a slave yet rose to prominence in the country that subjugated him and his people. Douglass wrote of his early life as a slave and along with its dehumanizing effects on a person in addition to his life as a freed man in the autobiography Frederick Douglass: Life of an American Slave. In it he details the aspects of life in the era and the circumstances that inspired him to ‘become a man’ instead of than remaining ‘in character’ as a slave. Frederick Douglass (1818 – 1895) was born in Maryland and given the birth name Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey. Douglass only saw his mother a few times before her death, when he was seven years-old. H e was raised by his grandparents and aunt. Although Maryland was commonly considered part of the Northern states, slaves were used, but not to the same extent as in the South. Slaves in Maryland were typically treated more humanely than in states below the Mason-Dixon Line. Still, â€Å"Douglass witnessed many beatings during his first seven years and often was required to endure cold and hunger in his northern home.† (People and Events, 2008). Douglass was working in Baltimore by age eight where he was employed as a ship’s carpenter and was taught to read and write. It was during these early years he became to understand that some people thought slavery to be immoral. At age 15 his likely father, a white man named Douglass Aaron Anthony, died. He was forced to return to farm work where he was sadistically beaten on a daily basis by known slave breaker Edward Covey. (People and Events, 2008). Douglass turned on Covey, assaulting him while escaping the farm. He returned to Baltimore but was still considered a slave, a runaway slave which was a serious offense at the time. Fortunately while in Baltimore a friend gave him his own identification papers which allowed Douglass to escape slavery for good in September 1838. (McElrath, 2008). Douglass moved to Massachusetts and married Anna Murray of Baltimore, a freed slave herself. The couple would have five children. Douglass began his anti-slavery campaign by speaking to abolitionist groups in 1841 relating the reality of slavery. In 1845 he started writing about the slave experience publishing Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave in addition to speaking to audiences around the world, encouraged by William Lloyd Garrison (McElrath, 2008). Following two years of travel abroad, Douglass returned to America in 1847. He immediately accepted a position as publisher of the North Star, a weekly newspaper in New York where he moved with his family. Douglass, a strong-willed and well- known activist for slavery abolition, directed his energies to recruiting black soldier to fight for the North during the Civil War. At this time he was also speaking out for women’s rights in addition to freedom for blacks. Douglass has the honor of being the first black man to have an official title and position within the Federal Government. â€Å"From 1877 to 1881, he was the U.S. Marshall of the District of Columbia, from 1881 to 1886 he

Saturday, February 1, 2020

Internal Cash Control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Internal Cash Control - Essay Example On the other hand, both the purchasing agent and treasurer issue check disbursements for expenses without each other’s accountability there is a likelihood of fraud taking place because only one person grants authority for payments. Q4.5 (b) memo indicating recommendations for improving company procedures From: Your NamesXXX To: Idaho Company Management Subject: Internal Cash Control Weaknesses Date: 23 April, 2012 With the existing gap in the internal cash control of the organization, there is a need to introduce internal control principles of cash management to increase accuracy in the flow of cash and close the gap that exist. Because of the lack of a safe place to keep the company checks, it is necessary to introduce a new safe file cabinet that is lockable with access by only the treasurer or the purchasing agent. In addition, cash registers to record the checks issued in order of the numbers in the checkbook should be introduced to avoid problems with numbering of checks issued and received (Kimmel, Weygandt & Kieso, 2011). Above all, different individuals should authorize, issue and verify checks so as to avoid fraud committed when issuing checks for expenses therefore, the treasurer and the purchasing agents should not be the only one’s authorizing, signing and issuing checks for expenses incurred. ... As a result, Guard Dog Company has managed to initiate the internal control principles in its purchases and payment. There are five principles of the cash disbursement including the establishment of responsibility in within cash disbursements as the designated personnel that include the treasurer, and assistant treasurer is authorized to handle checks (Kimmel, Weygandt & Kieso, 2011). In addition, there are different individuals including the treasurer and assistant treasurer who approve the payment of the expenses through checks as they hold them and stamp the invoices once paid. There is segregation of duties between purchasing agent, receiving department supervisor, treasurer and assistant treasurer because there is no approval of payment in checks without their authorization. Finally, Guard Dog Company has kept in place the physical, electronic and mechanical controls in place (Kimmel, Weygandt & Kieso, 2011). This is because, there is safe storage of checks in the safe whose par ticulars are limitedly held only by the treasurer and assistant treasurer and they use cash registers to register the issuance of the numbered checks that are used. In addition, the fact that the assistant chief accountant carries out the reconciling of checks ensures transparency. Q4-2A. Indicate the weaknesses in internal accounting control in the handling of collections. In the handling of church collections, several weaknesses exist in the procedures followed as the ushers who assist on a voluntary basis do not guarantee the fact that they cannot take some of the church collections. In addition, the head usher who counts the offering alone and works on a voluntary basis is also likely to commit fraud by taking some of the collections without anybody’s knowledge (Kimmel, Weygandt &