The Crucible Coursework Essay -- Essay on The Crucible

The Crucible Coursework Essay The Crucible was written in 1952 by the playwright Arthur Miller. It is an allegory of the McCarthy ‘witch-hunts’ which occurred during the 1950’s. It was effectively the arrest and questioning of those suspected of communist views or that sympathised with communists. The USA was very suspicious of communists due to the Cold War between itself and the USSR. Joe McCarthy, leader of the governmental organisation, the Anti-Democracy Policy, headed the hunts. Arthur Miller was himself arrested by McCarthy. Miller was very irritated by this and decided that he wanted to protest by writing a satirical play. To have his play shown on Broadway he had to write an allegory based on his treatment and the insanity of the ‘witch-hunts’. The play is set in a fictional town named Salem in Massachusetts, USA in 1692, a period of American history when people were strict Christians. In Acts I, II and III we see a portrayal of local farmer John Proctor as he becomes involved in the injustices and realises the stupidity of the witch-hunts of Salem. In Act I we are introduced to Reverend Samuel Parris, a corrupted clergyman. He is insecure, bitter and paranoid about witchcraft infecting his parish, giving him a bad reputation. We learn that he has seen several girls dancing naked and casting spells in the nearby woods, including his daughter, Betty, niece, Abigail Williams and his housemaid, Tituba. Parris’ perversion could be seen as the ‘perversion’ of the autocratic 1950’s America. We also briefly establish John Proctor’s relationship with Abigail. An orphan, Abigail worked for him and his wife, Elizabeth as a housemaid until Elizabeth discovers that they were having an affair, ... ...cating that Proctor’s conscience has been eased. Danforth looks defeated here, showing us that Proctor’s truth and ability to stay strong has quashed the judge. Proctor is then sent to be hanged, and arrives in a cart carrying Goody Nurse, an innocent woman also condemned to death. In the shot both he and Goody Nurse are standing implying that they are closer to Heaven than the crowds below that have come to see them executed. We see a close-up of Elizabeth and at this point the music becomes powerful, showing her strong character. As they begin to recite the Lord’s Prayer we see that the accused are true Christians, though by not being allowed to finish the prayer, we see that justice has now been overcome. Through his own interpretation, the director presents the film in a way that remains true to the original themes and ideas of Miller’s play.

To What Extent was Gorbachev to blame for the Collapse of the USSR Essay

Gorbachev was to fault for the prostration of the USSR for assorted grounds. chiefly because of his two new policies. ‘Glasnost’ ( New Freedom and Openness ) and ‘Perestroika’ ( Economic Restructuring ) . However. there were a few external factors which helped do the prostration of the USSR. such as the consequence Yeltsin had on Russia and how states were turning tired of the whole Communist system itself. Gorbachev’s purpose was to do the Communist system work better by leting people to hold their say in how the system could be improved and to do the Soviet system of cardinal planning of production more efficient. However. it merely allowed people to openly knock the system and shortly people wanted to acquire rid of it. First. the Cold War created a crisis in the USSR. The weaponries race with the USA had become so expensive that Soviet life criterions became worse as more money was spent on arms. Soviet Farming was inefficient ; there wasn’t adequate nutrient. so metric tons of grain had to be imported from the USA. The communist authorities was going more and more corrupt and was unable to run into demands of high life criterions like the West for the Soviet people. The USSR had been at war with Afghanistan since 1979. The war was a complete catastrophe because it cost one million millions of dollars and 15 000 Soviet military personnels were killed. Already people ruled under Communism were get downing to experience uneasy. Mikhail Gorbachev came to power in 1985 in the USSR and radically changed Soviet Policies. He became General Secretary of the Communist Party. He was more unfastened to the West than old leaders and offered a solution for the current state of affairs. He introduced two major new policies. Glasnost and Perestroika. Glasnost meant New Freedom and Openness. In this policy the Soviet people won new rights. First 1000s of political captives were released. including the ill-famed Andrei Sakharov. Peoples were told of the atrociousnesss committed by Stalin’s dictatorial authorities. Free address was allowed and military muster was to be abolished. Perestroika meant Economic restructuring. Gorbachev wanted to do the system of production more efficient. nevertheless corruptness in the Soviet authorities was excessively great. So he was unable to see through his programs. Gorbachev changed foreign policy. In 1987. a disarming pact was signed. called the INF ( Intermediate-range Nuclear Forces ) . The USSR and the USA agreed to take all medium scope missiles from Europe within three old ages. In 1988. Gorbachev announced the immediate decrease in the arms reserve and the figure of military personnels in the Soviet armed forces. Gorbachev tried to better dealingss with the West. He met the US president Reagan several times. one of which was at the Geneva Summit in 1985. In 1988. Gorbachev abandoned the Brezhnev Doctrine. He told the UN that people now had a pick in Eastern Europe and that the USSR wasn’t traveling to command them any longer. Gorbachev announced the complete backdown of Soviet military personnels from Afghanistan in 1988. In 1978. the Communist Afghan authorities secured a pact with the USSR that allowed them to inquire for military aid when they required it to contend against the Mujahideen Rebels. In 1979. they requested for armored combat vehicles and choppers. this was approved. They so started inquiring for platoons. The USSR was now a spot hesitating on O.K.ing this. In July 1979. American president Jimmy Carter funded for the Afghan Rebels and allowed them to purchase more and better arms. Besides the CIA conducted anti communist propaganda in the localities. In September. the Deputy Prime Minister of Afghanistan. Hafizullah Amin took power after the shot of President Taraki. The Soviets saw this as destabilising and on December 27th they decided to occupy Afghanistan in an effort to brace the communist authorities. It lasted nine old ages. and was referred to as the Soviet’s Vietnam. The USSR’s invasion cost them a great trade of money. Gorbachev offered what he thought to be a solution for this. The negative affects of communism can be highlighted by looking at the predominating conditions in Hungary and Germany. After the war. the USSR helped set Rakosi. a barbarous Stalinist in charge of Hungary. He was unpopular and in 1956. the people of Budapest protested against his authorities. The secret constabulary were hunted down. Khrushchev allowed the broad Nagy to go Prime Minister. After Austria declared itself a impersonal province in 1955. Nagy hoped that Hungary could make the same. In 1956. Nagy declared the terminal of communism there by retreating from the Warsaw treaty and keeping free elections. In response to this. Soviet armored combat vehicles invaded Hungary. 20 00 Hungarians were killed or injured. Nagy was arrested and shot. Kadar became premier curate and ensured trueness to the USSR. Western states didn’t assist the USSR. This was the first move made by Khrushchev to demo he was tough. The Berlin Wall was built in 1961. In 1949. Stalin ended the Berlin encirclement. Two new provinces formed were East Germany ( Democratic Republic ) and West Germany ( Federal Republic ) . Between so and 1961 over two and a half million people fled to West Germany. The communist authorities of East Germany was worried and so made a 30-mile barrier across the metropolis of Berlin. It was fortified with biting wire and machine gun stations and separated East and West Berlin. Anyone who tried to get away East Berlin was shot. so West Berliners were now separated from friends and household. More unrest continued. this clip with Poland. Solidarity played a major portion in 1980 when Poland’s people rebelled. Solidarity was lead by Lech Walesa and it demanded the right to strike and to be consulted on all major determinations impacting their life and on the job conditions. Solidarity started after the communist authorities decided to raise monetary values due to the foreign debt in Poland’s economic system. It was an anti-communist societal motion. which by 1981 attracted nine million members. It was particularly strong because of the support from the Catholic Church. General Jaruzelski took over the state in 1981 and declared Martial Law. Solidarity was banned and nutrient monetary values were raised 40 % . However. in 1989. free elections were held in Poland and Solidarity won. This was able to go on now because of Glasnost. Glasnost was assisting Eastern European states to really turn away from Communism. this had a really negative impact on Gorbachev. The Cold War was eventually over. Communism fell all over Eastern Europe in 1989. Hungary opened its frontier with Austria in May. Poland held free elections in June. Solidarity won and a new non-communist authorities came to power. Many East Germans crossed through Austria and into West Germany and the Berlin wall was knocked down in November. In 1990 Germany was reunified. Anti-communist presentations took topographic point in Czechoslovakia and the communist authorities collapsed in December. In December a revolution in Romania began against the cruel and corrupt government with dictator Nicolae Ceausescu and he was executed on Christmas twenty-four hours. The Warsaw Pact ended in 1991. Communism was rejected in the USSR. The chief nationalities in the Soviet Union demanded independency. particularly the Baltic democracies. Latvia. Lithuania and Estonia. Gorbachev tried to forestall the rise of patriotism in the Baltic democracies with military force. but he bit by bit started to lose control. The anti-communist Russian president was elected in 1991. Boris Yeltsin was an opposition of Gorbachev and became powerful and popular. He demanded the terminal of communism domination and the dividing up of the USSR. This led to a crisis in 1991. The old communist leaders feared the reforms. so they decided to acquire rid of Gorbachev ; this was an attempted putsch in 1991. A military group tried to prehend power by capturing Gorbachev but Yeltsin rallied the Russian people to defy and the ground forces supported him. the putsch failed. The Soviet democracies shortly became independent and the USSR did non be any longer. Gorbachev lost his power and had to vacate. Communism in Russia was dead. To reason. there were assorted factors which affected the prostration of the USSR. nevertheless I believe that Gorbachev was chiefly to fault because of his new policy Glasnost. Glasnost enabled people to hold free address. Gorbachev believed that it would assist reconstruct the Communist system but alternatively it ruined the system by leting people to openly knock it. Wagess were really low. people could now see the differences between their life style and the West’s life style. particularly when the uncensored Olympics were on. Communism was non offering good on the job conditions any longer. Soviet Young persons were non allowed to see certain movies. listen to certain music or Western wireless Stationss. In the Republics people were tired of being told what to make by Russia all the clip. they wanted to regulate themselves. Glasnost allowed them to knock and protest. Finally this got them independency and the brotherhood was deteriorating. The attempted putsch of 1991 triggered the terminal of the Soviet Union. Yeltsin rallied the Russian people to defy with the support of the ground forces. the putsch failed and the Soviet Republics became independent and the USSR ceased to be. Yeltsin besides had a big affect on the Russian people to act upon them to turn away from communism. Gorbachev allowed people to turn away from communism. which finally lead to the prostration of the USSR.

Microeconomic Definition of Terms - 1208 Words

Definition of Terms Everyone needs to eat and many people will use a grill to cook their food. In looking at the supply and demand of barbecue grills, several terms will be defined, including economics, microeconomics, the law of supply, and the law of demand. Many factors can lead to a change in supply and demand, which will be reviewed prior to looking at an analysis of trends in barbecue grill consumption patterns. This detailed and difficult analysis is critical to businesses. Definition of Economics According to Colander (2008), â€Å"Economics is the study of how human beings coordinate their wants and desires, given the decision-making mechanisms, social customs, and political realities of the society.† (p. 4) Will anyone in the†¦show more content†¦It would be better for the factories if the retailers ordered grills evenly throughout the year, stockpiling them in preparation for the three-month rush. Retailers don’t want to pay for storage and are dependent on the suppliers ability to keep up with the demand in the three-month rush to ensure the retailer is able to give the customer what he or she wants when he or she wants it. These decisions are made by individual retailers and factories. The problem can â€Å"be solved only by looking across the entire chain – including the retailer and manufacturer – and optimizing the entire network.† (Fung, Fung, Wind, 2008) Sales of grills rose from $3 billion in 2006 to $3.2 billion in 2007 and is expected to â€Å"grow more than 5% annually,† (Ingram, 2007) which is causing an increase in price, so consumers have shifted their preferred retailer from specialty retailers to home improvement centers and discount department stores. Some other possible factors for this shift in where consumers buy their grills may be attributed to the, â€Å"ongoing economic pressures on consumers’ wallets.† (Ingram, 2007) With rising gas prices consumers are eating at home more to reduce their gas consumption and in buying a grill, they areShow MoreRelatedDifference Between Macro And Microeconomics Essay983 Words   |  4 Pagesare macro and microeconomics. This piece of writing will attempt to differentiate them and provide a summary of an article from the internet that is relevant to the topic. The writer will also attempt to define a sunk cost, how it differs from a marginal cost and how he has used marginal analysis to solve a problem. The difference between macro and microeconomics A decent attempt to differentiate among the two sub-branches of economics should start with a definition. Microeconomics is â€Å"the analysisRead MoreArticle Analysis for Economics1636 Words   |  7 PagesUniversity of Phoenix Principles of Microeconomics ECO/365 Professor James Harris III Aug 7, 2008 Article Analysis The article that will be used for this analysis is â€Å"Supply, demand, and the Internet-economic lessons for microeconomic principles courses† by Fred Englander and Ronald L. Moy. There will be definitions for the following economics, microeconomics, Law of supply and the Law of demand. Another subject that will be discussed is the identification of factors that lead to the changesRead MoreHow Different Aspects Of Economics Affect The Consumer And How Helpful It Is1228 Words   |  5 Pagesthe consumer and how helpful it is for people to understand them. Different economic ideas and concepts will be explained in detail and will include examples displaying how it applies to the average consumer. The vocabulary being explained will be terms that will indefinitely affect every consumer and will show how important it is for society to be familiar with economics. â€Æ' Introduction To Economics Music Video Essay Every consumer, whether they realize it or not, participate in activities thatRead MoreEconomics As An Area Of Study And Research1372 Words   |  6 Pagesresearch borrows from the social and scientific aspects of life. The interplay between the two principles helps in the formulation of ideals that influence distribution, production, and consumption. Right from the ancient times understanding and definition of the term dwelled on the issue of political economy. Nonetheless, developments by made scholars in the sector saw the formulation of new meanings that separated economics from other political and social sciences. Marshall (2004) noted that the essenceRead MoreExamples of Macro and Micro Economics840 Words   |  4 Pagessignificant branches; one of it being the microeconomics and the other one being the macroeconomics. Microeconomics can be easily understood through the term micro itself which means small, microeconomics focuses on small level that is to say it includes area s of individual decision making and its core components include production, exchange, distribution and consumption. Macroeconomics on the other hand focuses on a much aggregate level. Unlike microeconomics it influences those areas in its studyRead Moreprice discrimination versus price differentiation1359 Words   |  6 PagesPrice Discrimination Price differentiation and price discrimination: two terms used in Marketing and Economy. First of all, it is appropriate to make an accurate definition for both of the terms. Price differentiation is a pricing strategy that â€Å"charges different segments of customers altered prices for the same products or services.† Likewise, we can meet with the same definition if we look for price discrimination definition. Then, is there a difference between price differentiation and price discriminationRead MoreEconomic Terms and Health Care History879 Words   |  4 PagesEconomic Terms and Health Care History In this paper the author will describe the history of health care economics along with the evolution and timeline of health care funding. Gaining insight from economical terms can assist with understanding the history and future changes; terms such as, elasticity, inelasticity, supply and demand. Health care costs are changing over the years and by understanding the history of health care economics will help individuals be prepared for future amendmentsRead MoreObjectives of Macroeconomics1477 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction to Macroeconomics 1.1 INTRODUCTION †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Economics is divided into two main branches: microeconomics and macroeconomics. Macro means large, and micro means small. Microeconomics takes a close-up view of the economy by concentrating on the choices made by individual participants in the economy such as consumers, workers, business managers and investors. Microeconomics stresses on the role of prices in business and personal decisions. One of its major goals is to understand howRead MoreEconomic Model Of Supply And Demand788 Words   |  4 PagesECNM 612 MACRO ECONOMICS MIDTERM I. DEFINITIONS. Define any 10 terms. Give examples where pertinent. Macro Economics Opportunity cost Model / Theory Micro Economics Real capital Fiscal Deficit GDP Debt Net exports Consumer Price Index Producer Price Index Consumption spending Investment Inflation Production Possibility Curve II. ESSAY QUESTIONS. Answer any TWO questions. Answer all parts of each question that you choose. 1. Read MoreMicroeconomics : The Consumer Perspective1796 Words   |  8 PagesAbstract This paper explores the different subject matters of microeconomics through the consumer perspective. A broad definition of microeconomics is the study of how individuals make decisions in the presence of scarcity (Sullivan, 2011). Microeconomics is affected by the law of supply and demand which is constantly changing by the purchasing power of the consumers and the availability of products. The purchasing power of the consumer is determined by their wants versus their needs, and what their