The United States Marine Corp - 1237 Words

The United States Marine Corp (USMC) was founded in 1775 during The Revolutionary War. From it’s inception, the ranks of the USMC were filled exclusively by males. Over 143 years later, in 1918, women were finally allowed to enlist. At first, women couldn’t participate in combat and were restricted to a limited number of jobs. As was common at the time, they were not respected by their male counterparts. It took several decades for women to gain respect and to be a allowed the full spectrum of opportunities within the ranks of the Corps. Opha M. Johnson was the one who helped immensely with this. It was because of her that women found and inspiration and a model female marine to follow. She made an impact that was forever-lasting and†¦show more content†¦Opha M. Johnson made a huge impact as the First Female Marine to be enlisted in the reserve and paved the way for future women in the Marine Corps. â€Å"She was your typical American woman who wanted to help † said Kara Newcomer. â€Å"She saw an opportunity to serve her country in a time of need and took it.† Her brave decision led many other women after her to find the courage to sign up. At the time, men were needed overseas to fight the battles of World War I (WWI) raging throughout Europe. As a result, the Marine Corps made the decision to allow women to assume the responsibilities, or billets, of men who were battle-ready but held a clerical or administrative positions. After this change in policy, women assumed non-combat duties and the men left for Europe to fight. â€Å"Her enlistment was a reflection of the dramatic changes in the status of women wrought by the entry of the United States into World War I.† said Women Marines in World War I. These non-combat positions included: messengers, recruiters, secretaries, typists, and other similar administrative roles. Most women of the day had clerical or bookkeeping backgrounds required to perform administrativ e, secretarial and clerical jobs and were easily able to fulfill these duties as Marines. Unfortunately, Johnson and every other women marine

Essay on Social Expectations in Story of an Hour and...

Social Expectations and Marriage in The Story of an Hour and A Sorrowful Woman Marriage does not always bring people happiness they expect. A number of people feel trapped in their own marriages. Mrs. Mallard in Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of an Hour† and the unnamed protagonist in Gail Godwin’s â€Å"A Sorrowful Woman† are among those who experience such unfortunate. Only one hour in her marriage did Mrs. Mallard feel really happy; that was, bizarrely, when she was told about her husband’s death. For the female protagonist in â€Å"A Sorrowful Woman,† her marriage was a torment. All the time, she suffers from grief and sadness. Both of the women are imprisoned in their own marriages and even more so in their own minds, which†¦show more content†¦By setting up such nice environments where the two protagonists live, the authors keep readers away from the thought that their protagonists’ deaths are the result of bad treatment. It is the force of social expectations placed upon the women that locke d them in the jail of marriage and that eventually lead them to death. Evidently, both of the female protagonists in the two stories have extremely unsatisfactory lives. Mrs. Mallard in â€Å"The Story of an Hour† feels trapped in her own marriage. The sentence â€Å"She was young, with a fair, calm face, whose lines bespoke repression and even certain strength† (11) tells us that her marriage has taken the spirit and energies away from the young woman. The line â€Å"It was only yesterday she had thought with a shudder that life might be long† (12), indicates that she must have never thought that freedom was an option in her life. Therefore, â€Å"She did not hear the story as many women have heard the same† (11) when she was told about her husband’s death. She just accepted it and went to her room because she realized that her husband’s death gave her the freedom that â€Å"she was waiting for it, fearfully† (11). In a different situation, the unnamed protagonist in â€Å"A Sorrowful Woman† is imprisoned in her own mind. The sight of her husband and her son makes her so sad and sick. Her life is so oppressive for her. She feels the burden of love andShow MoreRelatedMetz Film Language a Semiotics of the Cinema PDF100902 Words   |  316 Pagesconstitute Chapter 5 was first read, and the Festival of the New Cinema (Pesaro, Italy), which organized the round-table discussion during which the last chapter in this volume was originally presented. The idea of bringing together a number of my essays in a single volume, thus making them more easily available, originated with Mikel Dufrenne, Professor at the University of Paris-Nanterre and editor of the series in which this work was published in French. He has my very warm gratitude. C . M. CannesRead MoreIgbo Dictionary129408 Words   |  518 Pagesillustrated the meaning and use of words; the great majority of the examples are due to him. Their merit is that they are not translations from English, but natural Igbo sentences elicited only by the stimulus of the word they illustrate. The short essays which appear from time to time (e.g. under otà ¹tà ¹, à ²Ã¯â‚¬ ¤gbanÌ„je) on aspects of culture are also his work, as are the sketches which served as basis for the illustrations, a large number of new words, and various features of the arrangement. When he had

The Great Recession of 2008 Free Essays

An economy which grows over a period of time tends to slow down the growth as a part of the normal economic cycle. An economy typically expands for 6-10 years and tends to go into a recession for about six months to 2 years. A recession normally takes place when consumers lose confidence in the growth of the economy and spend less. We will write a custom essay sample on The Great Recession of 2008 or any similar topic only for you Order Now This leads to a decreased demand for goods and services, which in turn leads to a decrease in production, lay-offs and a sharp rise in unemployment. Investors spend less as they fear stocks values will fall and thus stock markets fall on negative sentiment. The economy and the stock market are closely related. The stock markets reflect the buoyancy of the economy. In the US, a recession is yet to be declared by the Bureau of Economic Analysis, but investors are a worried lot. The Indian stock markets also crashed due to a slowdown in the US economy. The Sensex crashed by nearly 13 per cent in just two trading sessions in January. The markets bounced back after the US Fed cut interest rates. However, stock prices are now at a low ebb in India with little cheer coming to investors. The defaults on sub-prime mortgages (homeloan defaults) have led to a major crisis in the US. Sub-prime is a high risk debt offered to people with poor credit worthiness or unstable incomes. Major banks have landed in trouble after people could not pay back loans (See: Subprime pain: Who lost how much) The housing market soared on the back of easy availability of loans. The realty sector boomed but could not sustain the momentum for long, and it collapsed under the gargantuan weight of crippling loan defaults. Foreclosures spread like wildfire putting the US economy on shaky ground. This, coupled with rising oil prices at $100 a barrel, slowed down the growth of the economy. Tax cuts are the first step that a government fighting recessionary trends or a full-fledged recession proposes to do. In the current case, the Bush government has proposed a $150-billion bailout package in tax cuts. The government also hikes its spending to create more jobs and boost the manufacturing and services sectors and to prop up the economy. The government also takes steps to help the private sector come out of the crisis. The US economy has suffered 10 recessions since the end of World War II. The Great Depression in the United was an economic slowdown, from 1930 to 1939. It was a decade of high unemployment, low profits, low prices of goods, and high poverty. The trade market was brought to a standstill, which consequently affected the world markets in the 1930s. Industries that suffered the most included agriculture, mining, and logging. In 1937, the American economy unexpectedly fell, lasting through most of 1938. Production declined sharply, as did profits and employment. Unemployment jumped from 14. 3 per cent in 1937 to 19. 0 per cent in 1938. The US saw a recession during 1982-83 due to a tight monetary policy to control inflation and sharp correction to overproduction of the previous decade. This was followed by Black Monday in October 1987, when a stock market collapse saw the Dow Jones Industrial Average plunge by 22. 6 per cent affecting the lives of millions of Americans. The US saw one of its biggest recessions in 2001, ending ten years of growth, the longest expansion on record. From March to November 2001, employment dropped by almost 1. 7 million. In the 1990-91 recession, the GDP fell 1. 5 per cent from its peak in the second quarter of 1990. The 2001 recession saw a 0. 6 per cent decline from the peak in the fourth quarter of 2000. The dot-com burst hit the US economy and many developing countries as well. The economy also suffered after the 9/11 attacks. In 2001, investors’ wealth dwindled as technology stock prices crashed. Indian companies have major outsourcing deals from the US. India’s exports to the US have also grown substantially over the years. The India economy is likely to lose between 1 to 2 percentage points in GDP growth in the next fiscal year. Indian companies with big tickets deals in the US would see their profit margins shrinking. The worries for exporters will grow as rupee strengthens further against the dollar. But experts note that the long-term prospects for India are stable. A weak dollar could bring more foreign money to Indian markets. Oil may get cheaper brining down inflation. A recession could bring down oil prices to $70. Between January 2001 and December 2002, the Dow Jones Industrial Average went down by 22. 7 per cent, while the Sensex fell by 14. 6 per cent. If the fall from the record highs reached is taken, the DJIA was down 30 per cent in December 2002 from the highs it hit in January 2000. In contrast, the Sensex was down 45 per cent. The whole of Asia would be hit by a recession as it depends on the US economy. Asia is yet to totally decouple itself (or be independent) from the rest of the world, say experts. How to cite The Great Recession of 2008, Papers

Gender and Sex Worksheet free essay sample

What is gender? What is sex in biological terms? Are gender and sex the same thing? Explain why or why not? Gender is the terminology usually referring to the social role between men and women. It is used to explain the cultural differences, more than the physical or biological differences. When referring to a person’s masculinity or femininity the term â€Å"gender† is used. The term â€Å"sex† refers to the biological, or medical differences between men and women such as estrogen versus testosterone, or a vagina versus a penis. The hormonal differences between men and women has always been clear. When a women is ovulating, she is hormonal. However there has never been a term for men since there is no physical change in the male body that promotes a hormonal imbalance. In a paper titled Sex and Gender are Different: Sexual Identity and Gender Identity are Different by Milton Diamond, Ph. We will write a custom essay sample on Gender and Sex Worksheet or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page D. explains how the terms have been interchanged in conversation, usually, casual but can be understood based on context. He continues to explain that in the scientific, medical, legal, political and religious discourse the interchange of the terms can lead to confusion. How do gender and sex contribute to the concepts and constructions of masculinity and femininity? In both terms, gender and sex, the masculinity and femininity is evident. Phrases like â€Å"man up† or â€Å"don’t be such a girl† come to mind when describing gender. Implying the men need to be tough and women are weak. The same applies to sex, men tend to be bigger, stronger and at times rougher than their female counterparts. Do our concepts of gender and sex contribute to the ways we embrace gender and sex in diversity? Yes, because we see men as tougher, and not â€Å"allowed† to cry, we see this as the way men should be, and when a man is more in touch with his feminine side he is gay, or if a woman tends to be less â€Å"girlie† or more â€Å"manly† she is perceived as butch. Diversity crosses the lines of gender and shows that while all men (or women) are so different from one another, they are all equal. We see men and women in two different lights, but in the end, other than sexual difference, there is really a lot that is the same. Do our concepts of gender and sex contribute to our understanding of sexual orientation? Explain. Yes, I believe so. Gender is knowing the social differences between a man and a women. Being gay you are not only (if at all) attracted to the sex of a person, but the gender, the way they act, or their masculinity or femininity. Not to say they are not attracted to the sex, but with gender, it is about how you feel. As a man, do you feel like a man or do you feel like a woman trapped in a man’s body.

Bicycle Thief Essays - Italian Films, Bicycle Thieves, Films

Bicycle Thief "The Bicycle Thief" is a deeply moving neo-realist study of post-War Italy which depicts one man's loss of faith and his struggle to maintain personal dignity in poverty and bureaucratic indifference. Antonio Ricci is a bill-poster whose bicycle, essential for his job, is stolen by a thief. Joined by his son Bruno, Antonio vainly searches for his bike, eventually resorting to the humiliation of theft himself. Throughout this paper, I will attempt to trace the character through "The Bicycle Thief." The film opens with a montage of early morning urban activities ending on a crowd of unemployed laborers clamoring for work. Sitting to the side is Antonio Ricci. Beaten down by despair, he has lost the energy to fight. His spirits are lifted, however, when his name is called out for a job. Invigorated, he damns poverty. His joy however, is fleeting, employment depends on one condition -- that he owns a bicycle. To provide for his family, Antonio long ago pawned his bicycle and now, in one day, he raise the price of the pawn ticket. Not knowing where he will get the money, he turns to his wife Maria. In their stark home, the only thing left to pawn is a remnant of her dowry and the family's last vestige of comfort -- the bed sheets. Bravely, Maria strips the bed and begins to wash the linens. At the pawn shop, it becomes evident that the Ricci's misery is not unique. Their sheets are added to a mountain of small white bundles, and Antonio reclaims his bicycle from the rack of hundreds like it. Delighted by the prospect of a good fortune, the couple happily ride away. Antonio picks up his instructions for the following morning and Maria stops by to see Signora Santona, a medium who predicted that Antonio would find a job. He gently scolds his wife for her superstitions, but Maria holds firm to her belief in the woman's psychic ability. In a series intermittent domestic scenes, Antonio is portrayed as a loving husband and an understanding father. His warmth belies the stereotypically "macho" Latin male. He helps his wife carry heavy buckets of water and engages his young son Bruno as a reliable helper, and trusted him with the preparation of the cherished bicycle for the first day's work. Hired as a billposter, Antonio was required to affix looming images of Rita Hayworth to the gray and ancient walls of Rome; ironically, he juxtaposes Hollywood's glamorous world vision to the stark realties of post-War Europe. While Antonio struggles to smooth out the lumps under the advertisement, a thief slips up behind him and steals his bicycle. Antonio chases him in vain, loses him in the rush of the mid-morning traffic. Thus begins an unrelenting three day search for his stolen bicycle. Accompanied by Bruno, Antonio combs Rome to recover his property, which has come to represent both his livelihood and any hope for a prosperous future. The police are of no help; they cannot be bothered with such a trivial case. Enlisting friends, Antonio and his son search the open air markets where stolen goods are dismantled and sold, for a trace of evidence. In a masterful montage of human faces and bicycle parts -- frames, tires, seats, horns, and so on, De Sica contrasts the world's apparent abundance with Antonio's desperate need. The camera takes Antonio's point of view, panning right to left, it seeks hopelessly for a "needle in a haystack." While waiting for a rain storm to clear Antonio spots the thief talking with an old man. Again, he chases but loses the thief, and follows the old man into a church, which is offering food and a shave to those want those services. Commenting on the role of the Catholic Church in post-War Italy, De Sica interrupts the mass with Antonio's interrogation of the old man. As the congregation prays, that their souls be purified and their spirits soothed on their paths of sorrow and privation, Antonio demands the criminal's address. The old man is oblivious to both and only wants to know what he will be given to eat. De Sica's evaluation of the Catholic Church is clear. In a world in which the recovery of a bicycle stands between prosperity and starvation, a priest's promise of heaven has lost his power to comfort the poor. Sanctuaries have become soup kitchens, where well dressed women herd the parishioners like sheep, and lawyers serve as barbers and leads the litany. While the bourgeoisie must seduce the power

Global poverty essays

Global poverty essays Extreme global poverty is a problem that affects a large percentage of the worlds population and will continue to spread until serious action is taken against it by the wealthier nations. However, the amount of obligation, if any, that countries feel they have to deal with such a problem is a main source of controversy and one of the reasons why poverty is taking so long to be reduced. This obligation to help others introduces the concept of utilitarianism. In general, this idea requires an individual, or society as a whole, to act in such a way as to promote the maximization of goodness in society that is, the greatest goodness for the greatest number (Pojman 107). Therefore, the person is the focus of happiness. In addition, utilitarianism falls in the category of teleological ethics, which is concerned with the conclusion or the consequences of a particular act, and not the means by which that end result was produced. Using the act of lying as an example, Pojman states, the act that is right produces the best consequences...the only thing wrong with lying for the teleologist is the bad consequences it produces (107). It is not the act itself that makes lying bad to the teleologist, but the end result. Normally, teleological ethics deals with one person, however, utilitarianism is considered to be a universal system applied to everyone. Therefore, the a ct that produces the most amount of good for the (society) is the right act (107). Now that the definition of utilitarianism is established, it can now be applied to the real life situation of global poverty. According to the theory, wealthier countries are obligated to assist in helping to solve this problem, as that would be promoting the maximum amount of goodness for those impoverished societies. However, utilitarianism calls for the maximum amount of goodness for everyone, and as Peter Singer states in his article...

Managing the brand Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Managing the brand - Essay Example Once this phase is achieved the brand needs to ensure that the customer appreciates the brand. Finally the customer needs to become familiar with the brand such that it chooses the brand again and again (Chernatony, McDonald & Wallace, 2010, p.452). Perception: Human beings perceive based on their interpretation. According to the concepts of perception, the sense organs of human beings allow them to create interpretations of various situations, other human beings, and objects. Although theoretically it might be true that two individuals observing a same thing have same perception, but in practicality the perceptions might be different. Such perceptions might occur consciously or at times unconsciously (Ott, 2003). Competitive Positioning: Michael Porter’s five forces model explains how the positioning of a brand depends on the five forces. These five forces include the new entrants in the market, the bargaining power of the buyers, bargaining power of the suppliers, the substitutes and the competitors in the industry. These five factors together decide how a brand is positioned in the market as well as in the minds of the consumers with respect to its competitors (Hax, 2009, pp.208-210). Brand: The meaning of a brand can be understood from the perceptions and impressions that get reflected by a company and its products or services. It is the pledge that a company undertakes in order to serve its customers and provide them with their needs and demands. Thus a brand represents a company and a company is known to its customers by the name of the brand that it carries (Brand Definition, 2011). In the current business world of huge competition accompanied by the varying changes in the needs and demands of the customers, it can be understood that the perceptions of the customers are also changing, particularly with newer brands entering the market in greater levels. The competitive positioning also

PROJECT ON PROMOTIONAL APPROACHES TO INCREASE STUDENT NUMBER AT M.SC Assignment

PROJECT ON PROMOTIONAL APPROACHES TO INCREASE STUDENT NUMBER AT M.SC. LEVEL - Assignment Example The project is to analyze a promotional approach like Twitter, Faculty website, Faculty YouTube, Facebook and others. Table of Contents Executive summary 2 This is a report project that involves project selection procedure for M.Sc. course enrolment for more students in London South Bank University, UK. The process entails project management structure analysis, business case analysis project and individual plans analysis and individual reflections. Marketing on different platform influences decision on potential students to consider joining the faculty. The project is to analyze a promotional approach like Twitter, Faculty website, Faculty YouTube, Facebook and others. ... This is why it is necessary for London South Bank University to use promotional approaches that are innovative to increase the number of students in M.Sc. Level. To undertake the project tasks it is essential to analyze the component of project management. In this section, project management Project Management Structure To manage the resources effectively, it is necessary to devise management structure that would control project process effectively. A project organization is a structure that enables the management and execution of project tasks. Its main purpose is to generate an environment that improves communications among the team members with a smallest level of disruptions, conflict and overlaps (Moore 2007). One of the significant decisions of project organization is the outline of managerial structure that will be applied for the project. This is a project that involves a team of consultants each individually selecting and working on a promotional technique such as Facebook, Twitter, Faculty website, Faculty YouTube and others. It is necessary to outline project details so as to assist in management process. Project Name: Project on promotional approaches to increase student number at M.Sc. level in London South Bank University, UK. Project Time Frame: 14 days Project Details: Selection of social promotional platform suitable for the college marketing strategy. Project’s purpose: Plan, devise and prepare promotional material for student enrolment in M.Sc. level in London South Bank University, UK. Approximated cost ?10,000 (ten thousand) To facilitate the project activities the following management structure is essential. Fig. Example of project management structure (See elaborate one in Appendix A) The project concerns marketing promotion

Relationship Between Parent and Child Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Relationship Between Parent and Child - Essay Example Julie, as known by her father, started out as a â€Å"warm, sensitive, sweet child and very easy going† child. She was a bubbly little girl who was curious and creative and had a very positive disposition. Her profile was painted by her father with loving words, projecting an ideal daughter that brought her parents much joy and pride. This kind of personality usually results from having a secure attachment with her parents while growing up. In the first few years of life, a child with a secure attachment can learn how to balance separation and reunion. She is unafraid when she gets separated from her parents, trusting that they will be back for her. On the other hand a child with an insecure attachment to his mother manifests panic, anger and a desperate search for her, thinking that she will never come back. When the mother returns, a host of responses may be observed of the child. Some children would be delighted and warmly embrace the parent; others would appear to be indif ferent, withdrawn, hostile, uncertain or confused. The kind of response the child had led the psychological observers to develop the attachment categories of secure, insecure-avoidant, insecure-resistant and disorganized. Schore (2001) claim that infants’ attachment experiences are stored in the early maturing right hemisphere of their brain, which have long term effects on how they cope with stress in the future. Hence, it is suffice to say that attachment is crucial to the emotional development of the child, and this is reflected in Julie’s personality as a child.... He allowed them to make mistakes because from these, they learn too. He claims, â€Å"I never confronted the children directly when they made a mistake, I but always guided them until they got it right. I wanted to enrich their environment in order to boost their self-esteem and their confidence.† This reflects Vygotsky’s (1978) theory of learning where it is believed that children learn within a ‘zone of proximal development’ (ZPD) or the distance between a child’s independent problem-solving level and that obtained under adult guidance or in collaboration with more capable peers (Wertsch, 1985). It is the space between what a child can do by himself and a more challenging level that he can achieve with help from someone. In the case of Julie and her sister, their parents provided ‘scaffolds’ or temporary supports in the process of learning which are gradually taken away when the children are already capable of learning without them. Mo st common conflicts/disagreements/challenges between parent and child Anthony remembers Julie as a very well-behaved child so there weren’t much conflicts or disagreements between them. The only challenging thing that he remembers is her insistence to choose her own clothes every morning, careful not to repeat outfits within close periods of time. If she had no choice but to wear pants two days in a row due to laundry problems, she would throw a fit. â€Å"That is the only time that I can remember when Julie would get mad, scream and cry and go to her room†. Otherwise, it was smooth sailing with Julie because she was quite mature for her age. The misbehaviour that Julie displayed was a manifestation of her growing up into a young lady who wants to prove that she is capable of making her own

Analysing The Age Of Global Tribes Philosophy Essay

Analysing The Age Of Global Tribes Philosophy Essay In The age of global tribes, Amin Maalouf presents two themes; religion as the main identifier in now a days and globalization. He discusses these in parallel, demonstrating how they affect and shape one another. He approaches the issue of religion by attempting to analyze how it came to be that specific aspect of identity that everyone seems to be holding on to presently through a series of questions resonating around the source or reason for this global drive back to religion. He provides some probable answers attributing this phenomenon, as he calls it, for example to the fall of Communism and Marxism and how their goal of obliterating religion back fired, hence making religion the sole refuge for the oppressed. The authors position is clear through out this chapter, for although, hes personally not against religious affiliation and he believes that religion is always going to be a present factor no matter how dynamic the equation of life got, he still stands against religious affiliation being the primary or sole form of identification and declares that we are in a need for an other aspect of association He calls upon a separation of church and identity and states that if religious affiliation were to be replaced, it ought to be with something more humane and not the opposite. When addressing the issue of globalization, Maalouf describes its power of propagation and how in the face of such a strong phenomenon, religion is being chosen as the shield and sought as a refuge since it seems to be comforting and fulfilling both urging needs of spirituality and identity. This is a very interesting chapter from his book, as it discusses an extremely real and present phenomena, the battle between identity and globalization. One could take such a dilemma lightly dismissing it as a natural reaction to change, but what one must realize is that like any battle ever fought, its the lessons that one learns while fighting that are more valuable than the outcome itself. We, as individuals should be concerned about this ongoing conflict, one that we are involved in without even being aware of. We take it for granted that we know who we are and where we stand but when faced with a crisis, things shift drastically and we surprisingly find ourselves on sides we might not have known even existed. Thats what this excerpt invoked in me, while reading it, especially when the author presents the idea of how one is in fact closer to his contemporaries than to his ancestors, elaborating this through the two types of heritages that he calls vertical and horizontal. Our ho rizontal heritages seem to affect us more than we realize, this is something to seriously reflect upon and understand since we do by habit or denial tend to hold ourselves in regards primarily if not solely of the verticals level point of view. For this battle to end, we all should find a way to mingle these two phases of our heritages within us in order to achieve inner peace. This should be taken on an individual level; every part should heal itself in order for the whole to be able to achieve harmony. Globalization like any other phenomenon is a medium; it has both good and bad in it. Why do we take it as a habit to scorn upon the objects, means or mediums rather than the persons who use them to do bad? These mediums are not bad or good by nature but they hold the potentiality of being one or the other, depending on whos using them. They are in a state of neutrality until used, and hence the outcome if bad should therefore be attributed to the person and not vice versa. The author in this chapter tries to show the potential good that globalization can bring in that it can in fact help direct the worlds attention to a global identity. The only aspect that we all should hold as primary of our identities, is our humanity, thats the type of lineage that we should strongly identify with, thats what we all have in common , thats what we all are no matter what . Admitting that common bond will in no way make us less of the individuals that we are. How did union come to mean loss? Why is it ok to belong to a certain group but suddenly its threatening if its on a universal level? On the contrary, I find it personally to be inspiring and strengthening to belong to such a universal lineage, especially one that is as certain and as real as humanity. Because coming to think of it, anything else in the world is taken now a days by words or actions, making it a complex and unstable foundation for intentions and motives are involved and one can never manage to know these for sure but humanity is the only aspect of ourselves that is undisputed; one cannot pretend to be a human being! Of course, history is full of examples of certain characters that lacked humanity in them as shown by their actions and thoughts but these I insist remain an exception. I find myself standing on Maaloufs side in his call for a universal identity , one that we all belong to by the virtue of our humanity and through which we all enjoy our fundamental rights and one in which our dignity is revered and preserved. For universality cannot exist without such concepts. Human dignity should be maintained above all. Unfortunately, realistically speaking we stand in a world very far from achieving this view any time soon whether it is due to political systems, materialistic notions or simply apathy , I honestly dont know. But I do hold conviction to one thing and that is in order for us to embody such a vision, we will have to start with ourselves first, this has to be fought on an individual level and once weve all dealt with it ,well realize that the battle is already won.

Essay --

The topic I choose was stress and its effects it has on our body (Myers). These stressors can cause many negative changes to our body, more then we realize. I have a much better understanding after reading not only the textbook but the research journal just what effects it has on our body. It’s easy to listen to people give advice on ways to calm down but I feel people need to be educated on what it does to us and healthy ways to deal with it. There are so many different day to day things that cause us stress and if we allow ourselves we can easily get caught up in them. For me at that point I tune everyone out and that is when those stressors dictate how my day will be. Personally, I realize more now how I have let stress bring me to a point of feeling ill and taking it out on loved ones around me. Now more then ever being a full time student and with recent financial burdens I have seen first hand how stress impacts not only myself but my family as well. We get so enthr alled in stress that we allow it to effect our mind and our body. Then we wake up one day and the stress is still there only we are feeling ill and wondering why. It is so true when people say that stress can cause you to become physically ill. There are so many healthy ways to manage stress however not everyone practices them. We need to use our support systems, identify what the stress is and manage it rather then it taking over us. If we find ways to face the stress, in a healthy way we will be able to resolve it and not have it take over our mind or body. I now find my self coming home after a stressful day and exercising, and going for walks. Instead of me shutting down and becoming stressed I know now that its okay to share this with my loved ones and ... ...cally ill and overwhelmed. By doing this I neglected myself, and by doing so not only did I not deal with stress but there was little resoultion and greater stress within my family. When you get to thast point it is then that the stress is dictating how your days are going to be. This study was very intresting to me and I believe futhur study would help everyone not just health care workers. It brought up many good points, stress is different for each of us and if we had mindfulness approaches then we could face it head on and not allow it to become a neagative outcome. I often wondered having gone to counsling myself in the past how do these therapist deal with listening to patients all day long? What steps do they take to deal with their own stress or just the stress of helping others. I feel the counslor would definitly benefit from this study and its practices.

Cost Per Output and Cost Per Outcome Essay

Cost per output and cost per outcome calculations valuable to human service agencies, because resources are limited, human service agencies need to make the best cost per output and cost per outcome. Human service agencies are usually not-for-profit and perform social service for the benefit of society. Hence value for money is important so that public funds/donations get their real worth -or the Human Service agencies would be wasting money and then the public will stop donating. Cost per outcome and cost per output tells their overhead for services. Human service agencies are going to need donations to cover these costs. Cost per output and outcome calculations can provide insight into a human service organization’s financial management plan in order to evaluate whether or not the goals and objectives are being met to provide the services which support the mission. Outputs and outcomes provide the information about the services, how they are implemented, and whether or not they are financially sound to the organization. Divisions of labor, services, and programming can be determined in order to ensure funds are allocated properly. Determinations can be made taking into account fixed and variable costs and how those affect the revenues. Quality of services can also be addressed using outputs and outcomes which determine the level of services and how the quality is affected through an increase in funding or a cutback. Not keeping track of the cost per output and cost per outcome could really cause a Human service agency a lot of problems. They will not have an enough funds to cover programs they may need or salaries of the employees.

The Dialogue of Phaedrus The Crises of Love and Inquiry

The Dialogue of Phaedrus The Crises of Love and Inquiry Introduction Plato outlines important lessons in the Dialogue of Phaedrus. The extract from the book, Plato: The Collected Dialogues philosophically examines the experience of falling in love. Philosophically, Plato, through this conversation draws people’s attention to crucial issues underlying love (Hamilton, 475). For instance, Plato indicates that the people an individual loves depict a clear expression of the humans’ personal fortitude.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on The Dialogue of Phaedrus: The Crises of Love and Inquiry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The book, Plato: The Collected Dialogues presents a comical and philosophical analysis of the concept of falling in love. In his conversation with Phaedrus, Plato presents a typical scenario regarding issues surrounding the act of love. In particular, the human soul is examined. There is a critical evaluation of the obvious interplay b etween the soul and mind. Additionally, a person’s body is also included in this interplay. Specifically, this relates to the issue of love and relationships. There are also vital lessons drawn with philosophical implications that require examination. This discussion describes the root of the crisis and its remedy with observance to the dialogue of Phaedrus. Furthermore, it examines how the Plato’s Socrates assisted Phaedrus to comprehend the crisis of love and inquiry. Notably, the application of themes is critical in this role. Lastly, the paper analyses Plato’s comprehension of the human soul. Foundation of the Crisis and Remedy Principally, this discourse resonates as a tough piece. This is because it defies the basic conventional judgment of a discourse. The conversation between these two personalities ensues along the renowned Illissus River. This is where Phaedrus and Socrates met. They had their speeches, debate and daily in the same venue. Phaedrus eman ates as the leader of the particular speech for the initial instance. However, in the course of the dialogue, crucial issues about Phaedrus bosom friend, Lysias emerge. The consequent speeches by Socrates are depicted to potentially overpower and rebut Lysias’ allegations so intrepidly. As a result, the Phaedrus remains overwhelmed by Socrates power. Due to this, Phaedrus evidently misses his logic and presence throughout the entire conversation. An example of a strong claim is eminent. For instance, Phaedrus wonders â€Å"how madness seems indispensible to pursue potentially everything† (Hamilton, 475). A closer analysis reveals how cunningly Socrates engages Phaedrus in the tussle of logic. As indicated in the book, Plato: The Collected Dialogues, (477), Socrates questions Phaedrus. He asks that, â€Å"And should I not deem the conversation of you and Lysias a thing of higher import, as I may say in the words of Pindar, than any business? Observably, these sentiment s from Socrates stir Phaedrus to conceal vital information in the dialogue.Advertising Looking for critical writing on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is obvious that Socrates overtly orientates Phaedrus into several mysteries associated with love. Phaedrus appears to be an infatuated young man with an intended lover called Lysias. There is an eminent revelation of Lysias constant flattery of Phaedrus. This flattery as indicated, concerns the interest or consideration of the constant discourse. In his opinion upon reading the works of Lysias, Phaedrus considers her the best. In fact, in actual terms, he refers to her to be the â€Å"the ablest writer of [the] day (Hamilton, 500). The relationship between Phaedrus and Lysias is important. Together with the intrigues that surround this relationship, a philosophical base of the crisis comes into the limelight during the conversation. The major crisis pre dominant is obvious. Phaedrus, a young and open man, is considerably enchanted by fraudulent and deceptive love. An informed evaluation reveals that Phaedrus’ enchantment renders him a useless critical thinker. This is because he potentially becomes unable to draw lucid differences notable between the ingenuity of the dialogue. Perhaps, this challenge or crisis forms the basic ground for analysis. This inadequacy is well explicated by Socrates. From the highlights given by Socrates, it is obvious that Phaedrus lacks the competency to overpower his infatuation. Phaedrus has to transform this infatuation approach to the general life. Specifically, this implication in the dialogue considerably pertains to his intended love affair or relationship with Lysias. The manner in which Phaedrus reports issues within the dialogue also creates a basis for the actual crisis. For instance, he indicates how a handsome boy was tempted, but not by a lover.† Furthermore, Phaedrus reiterat es that surrender must be meant to a person who is not in love. Rather, his view is that surrender should be for the one who is in love. Generally, a philosophical and critical analysis of the Phaedrus’ postulations indicates great deviations and points of weaknesses (Hamilton, 495). The indulgence of the two principalities in the conversation in this trying moment may be indicative of his remedy. Phaedrus needs a deep insight and coaching on the issues of feelings, love, relationships, and their implications on one self. Therefore, Socrates presents crucial remedy approaches to the problem of individuality facing Phaedrus his counterpart. Socrates provides this remedy through elaboration of his basic analysis of Plato’s comprehension of the human soul. According to him, there is an evident interplay between the soul and mind in leading the human body. This cannot be avoided in any circumstance, including those of falling in love.Advertising We will write a cus tom critical writing sample on The Dialogue of Phaedrus: The Crises of Love and Inquiry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More How Plato’s Socrates Help Phaedrus Understand Crisis of Love and Inquiry through His Own Understanding of the Two Related Philosophical Problems and Themes Socrates helps the troubled Phaedrus. Basically, Socrates does this through his philosophical understanding of Plato’s methodic inquiry of crisis of love. Socrates uses the logic of the mind and soul to impart a sense of control in Phaedrus. Through this action, Socrates helps to protect Phaedrus from the lure of Lysias for sexual advances. Socrates achieves his aim by the application of several repetitions of the similar arguments. Socrates advises Phaedrus about the dangerous implications eminent if Lysias is really not in love with him. In his proposition, if this is the case, then any union between Lysias and Phaedrus will remain to be an incompetent g ood. As he philosophically reiterates, â€Å"it is the madness of love that complicates physical liaisons when they are red hot† (Hamilton, 508). Socrates warns that such situations also make issues unpleasant. This is, particularly, during the cooling periods of the love affair. Socrates makes Phaedrus understand Lysias’ witty kind of seduction. Furthermore, he warns Phaedrus that this witty seduction might particularly strike him into the heart. As Socrates states, this situation is likely to emanate from Phaedrus fear as well as fury. In the dialogue, it can be observed that Socrates assists Phaedrus to visualize the reality and his typical individuality. He helps Phaedrus to see that his intentional love with Lysias is more dishonest in its grip of the merit of love. This is because; it is nothing but a despondent bit of rhetorical foolishness. The thing at stake for this young man is the opportunity to know the reality of love. Phaedrus’ inability to differ entiate precisely the philosophical as well as the rhetorical points of Lysias explanation might most probably dictate the things he gets to be aware of. On the other hand, as demonstrated by Socrates, it might also dictate the things he might be incapable of knowing about love and Lysias. Analysis of Plato’s Perception of the Soul There is a presentation of an application of the understanding eminent from Plato’s perceptions on the human soul. The basic fact underlying this understanding is that the soul remains as a central dogma in the control of human logic. Evidently, there is presentation of the sophrosyne, the wanton or hubristic soul and the mantic soul that pertains to rational sanity. By the application of the understanding of the temperance or rational desire, Socrates warns Phaedrus of the eminent danger (Hamilton, 517). He stresses on the application of rationality and principality in the examination of an individual’s feelings or emotions. As appli cable in this context, Phaedrus is advised to use his rational soul to direct his emotional logic and mind control. This is, particularly, with reference to the seductive advances from Lysias.Advertising Looking for critical writing on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The application of mantic soul of rational sanity as potentiated by Plato is critical in wading off emotional foolishness. Socrates accordingly applies this explanation to direct Phaedrus in this dialogue. Plato, in his understanding of the soul, warns the public to be wary of the wanton or hubristic soul of irrational desire. He indicates in his explanations that this leads into dangerous relationships, decisions or actions that may be costly. Hamilton, Edith; C. H. E. Plato: The Collected Dialogues. S.l: s.n., n.d. Print.

Discussion of the use and relevance of this architectural development process for some application of interest

Discussion of the use and relevance of this architectural development process for some application of interest The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF) TOGAF Architecture Skills Framework has benefits and relevance in reducing time, risks associated with training, hiring and managing IT system in professional manners. TOGAF makes communication system simple between employment agencies and organizations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Discussion of the use and relevance of this architectural development process for some application of interest specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It also reduces time wastages during interviews. TOGAF is also relevant in reducing time and costs of setting up an internal IT architecture. The process is complex and requires expertise. Organizations save costs in overall IT implementation. It eliminates chances of unsuitable persons getting the job (The Open Group 7). However, TOGAF increases costs of personnel due to constant needs for reassigning, and resignation of staff. In cases of poor sta ff assignment, TOGAF may have adverse effects on quality of operational IT challenges. How does it contrast and compare with the Zachman Framework TOGAF has four divisions of enterprise architecture. These include business architecture for fulfilling business goals. Application architecture shows specific design and interaction between various designs. Data architecture shows how organizations store and access their data, and technical architecture talks of a system hardware and software application (Brach 86). TOGAF most essential area is the Architecture Development Method (ADM). ADM has a robust means of creating architecture. This may include process in creating architectural design. We can see TOGAF as an architectural framework, process or methodology under as classified under ADM. When we take TOGAF as an architectural process, then it functions as a complement of Zachman. In this case, Zachman is an architectural taxonomy. The difference is that Zachman enables us to classif y artifacts, whereas TOGAF gives us the opportunity of creating artifacts (ORourke, Fishman, and Warren 30). TOGAF looks at enterprise architecture (EA) in terms of â€Å"highly generic to highly specific† (The Open Group 16). In other words, TOGAF treats EA as a continuum of architecture. In this case, ADM of TOGAF offers the process of creating artifacts from generic to specific.Advertising Looking for essay on architecture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More TOGAF has Foundation Architectures as the most generic level for any IT application in organizations. Common Systems Architectures is another level of specificity, which we expect in most EA applications but not all. Industry Architectures are common and specific across same domain in the same industry. The Organizational of TOGAF is the most specific. These artifacts are specific to only given EA (Perks and Tony 56). How does this approach to architecting deal with systems integration in an SOS environment? We can look at SOS (System-of-Systems) as â€Å"a set or an arrangement of systems that result when independent and useful systems are integrated into a larger system that delivers unique capabilities (Gansler 2). SOS offers cross links for changes in doctrines and modern transformation of systems. SOS is an integrated system. It provides the basis for complete realization of other features. SOS depends on endurance and any expiring artifacts must be replaced for continuity. SOS consists of features that enable various components to work independently (operational independence). SOS integration also has geographical distribution where systems can work in a coordinated fashion despite the distribution. We must also look at emerging behavior is SOS that occurs as a result of integration. SOS integration also offers opportunities for evolution through modification or change of existing parts with new ones. However, SOS application may experience challenges such as complexity, lack of a specific approach, issues of interface standards, testing issues, quality of information, and costs. There are also few engineers available in this field. What is the role for the lead systems integrator in all of this? SOS is a complicated system. This means that we need a single entity to run it. Thus, lead system integrator attempts develop a single system needs, manage development, integration, and associated risks. It also ensures coordination of schedules, efforts and contracting of procurement and development. In short, lead system integrator provides flexibility and acquisition of adaptable partners in SOS. The role of lead system integrator depends on the program under implementation. However, people view lead system integrator as a means of losing control, creating conflict of interest, and source of competition (Gansler 3).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Discussion of the use and relevance of this architectural development process for some application of interest specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Modification needed for Service Oriented Architectures (SOAs) We can modify Architecture Capability to provide the necessary support for SOA. The first move in TOGAF is to take SOA as an architecture principle either in the beginning of the process or during modification. The enterprise must also be ready to adopt SOA through conducting maturity assessment in the early stages. This provides the rationale for the adoption of SOA. Thus, modification must take place in the areas of â€Å"principles, organizational structure, governance, and initial content of the Architecture Repository† (The Open Group 5). SOA is not suitable for addressing the entire architectural problem in the enterprise. Instead, we should identify specific areas to use SOA. Any system that depends on SOA must ensure compatibility. Any deviation must result in to appropriate changes as corrective measures. TOGAF has standardized framework for SOA. This implies that the system can have â€Å"a high-level reference model of how SOA governance extends and supports both enterprise architecture and IT governance† (The Open Group 18). Brach, Marion. Real Options in Practice. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons, 2003. Print. Gansler, Jacques S. The Role of Lead System Integrator (LSI). NPS Acquisition Research Symposium, 4 (2007): 1-20. Print. ORourke, Carol, Neal Fishman, and Warren Selkow. Enterprise Architecture Using the Zachman Framework. Boston, MA: Course Technology, 2003. Print.Advertising Looking for essay on architecture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Perks, Col and Tony Beveridge. Guide to Enterprise IT Architecture. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag, 2003. Print. The Open Group. TOGAF. Part III: ADM Guidelines Techniques, 1 (2011): 1-50. Print. Fig. 1: TOGAFs enterprise architecture Fig. 2: The TOGAF Enterprise Continuum Fig. 3: The TOGAF Architecture Development Method (ADM) Fig. 4: Criteria and ratings for each methodology (Source: Roger Sessions, 2007 for Enterprise Architecture)

The Watergate Scandal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Watergate Scandal - Essay Example The Watergate Complex includes several administrative and hotel building located on the Potomac River in Washington, D.C., but unlike hundreds other complexes of similar caliber the Watergate is known to almost any adult citizen in the US and abroad. In fact, the event was so important that the term 'Watergate' is more commonly associated with a series of political scandals that culminated in constitutional crisis than with the hotel. The Watergate Scandal occurred during the presidency of Richard Nixon and began with arrest of five burglars at the Watergate hotel complex in Washington, D.C. and ultimately resulted in dramatic resignation of President Nixon on the 9th of August, 1974.In the months preceding the Watergate break-in, Nixon and his administration had been extremely preoccupied with their public image, and took every possible step to avoid negative publicity. The preoccupation was reasonable: Nixon's policies regarding the Vietnam War generated much criticism, and the lea king of the documents concerning the US involvement in the Vietnam War submitted to the New York Times by Daniel Ellsberg in 1971 only fueled the criticism (Bernstein and Woodward 165).In order to prevent further leaks, Nixon established a special unit nicknamed the "Plumbers". The unit led by G. Gordon Liddy and E. Howard Hunt (both of them were close to Nixon) took advantage of the situation to get involved in investigation of the private lives Nixon's critics justifying their actions with national security consideration. Evidently, the true motives underlying many actions of the Plumbers had more to do with protecting the President's public image from criticism and preparing the base for the forthcoming elections (Bernstein and Woodward 207). The Committee to Re-Elect the President (CREEP) was established in 1972 and in December the same year G. Gordon Liddy, one of the Plumbers, was appointed as general counsel to the Committee. This appointment made CREEP a powerful weapon in the hands of Nixon with Liddy behind most of CREEP's activities. In 1972, Liddy designed a serious intelligence operation against the Democrats. One of the steps within the framework of that operation was a small-scale burglary of the Democratic National Headquarters in the Watergate office complex (Westerfeld 35). On June 17, 1972, five burglars were arrested by police inside the Democratic National Headquarters in the Watergate office building in Washington DC. Four of the burglars were Cuban anti-Communists and one White House employee: they were caught during an attempt to bug the office. The Washington police convicted James McCord, Virgilo Gonzalez, Bernard Barker, Eugenio Martinez, and Frank Sturgis of 2nd degree burglary (WHT 820). The burglars had an impressive amount of tools and materials, namely a walkie-talkie, two 35-millimeter cameras, lock picks, pen-size teargas guns, advanced bugging devices, and 40 rolls of unexposed film. Besides, they also had $14,000 in hundred dollar bills that could be traced directly to CREEP (Bernstein and Woodward, 15-16). Therefore, it immediately became clear that those people had links to Nixon's Committee to Re-Elect the President. Thus, McCord was a former CIA officer employed by the CREEP as a security director. However, despite charges filed against Liddy and Hunt for their role in organization of the burglary no serious damage was done to CREEP's reputation. There were at least two reasons for that: firstly, the information disclosed at that moment was too incomplete which resulted in huge underestimation of CREEP's role; secondly, Nixon's leading positions during the pre-election period allowed him to successfully avoid any further investigations and accusations at that time (Westerfeld 45). Nixon read about the break-in on the 18 of June and the whole thing seemed so weird to him that he did not believe it and initially dismissed it as a political trick (Nixon 625-626). Charles Colson, a

The Eighth Wonder of The World Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Eighth Wonder of The World - Essay Example The architecture style of the building is Art Deco (Tauranac, 1975). In 1986 The Empire State Building entered the list of National Historical Monuments and in 2007 the building became the head of the list of the best American Architectural Solutions according to the American Architectural Institute. W&H Properties Company is the owner and the manager of the building. The Tower is situated on the Fifth Avenue, between the  33rd and 34th Street (Tauranac, 1975). As the Skyscraper is surrounded by many offices, it can’t be viewed in full from below. It is accomplished  in modest but very elegant Art Deco style. In contrast to many modern skyscrapers, the front of the tower is fulfilled in classical style. On the grey stone front, there are strips of stainless steel and the upper stores look like three projections. The hall is 30 meters in length. It is decorated with the picture representing Seven Wonders of the World with the eighth added to them – The Empire State B uilding itself. In 1964 the system of floodlights was set on the top of the towel to illuminate the top in different colors. It is interesting that the colors are chosen depending on the season of the year, holiday or event (Tauranac, 1975). In the Empire State Building there is a hall of Guinness  Records there is the information about outstanding records and record-holders. The tower was first shown in the film King Kong in 1933. After that, it was represented in many other famous films such as Love Affair and Empire. The building plays an important role in the sport life of the world because race competitions are held there annually.

Strategic Leadership in Criminal Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Strategic Leadership in Criminal Justice - Essay Example So a dire need will be felt to promote the lower ranking officers to higher posts. Hence, the police department emphatically feels that the creation of a systematic procedure for appraising the lower ranking officers for promotion purposes will help assure the quality and reliability of the policing in the area. Though Larry is left with varied options regarding the designing of the new appraisal system, he is apprehensive in the sense that he does not want the new system to be unjust and biased towards the junior officers. At the same time, he intends the new system to be innovative and ingenious. Larry Homes has before him a possible choice of varied existing appraisal methods. These methods include: For years, the police department has resorted to this method for assessing the promotability of the junior officers. This appraisal method primarily relied on the ratings extended by an immediate supervisor regarding the subordinates under him or her (McConnell, 2005, p. 248). This appraisal method had its advantages in the sense that it assured apt cooperation between the supervisors and the subordinates (McConnell, 2005, p. 248). However, a majority of the junior officers in the police force are not satisfied with this appraisal method. They feel that the promotability of an employee needs to be measured by using predominantly subjective criteria (Kulik, 2004, p. 92). In that context, the junior officers are of the view that an appraisal method relying on the opinion of only a single supervisor is open to doubts pertaining to its reliability (Murphy, 1998, p. 148). Besides, giving too much reliance on this promotion method could have a debilitating impact on the moral of the police force.

Bald Eagle, Great white shark and Siberian Tiger Essay Example for Free

Bald Eagle, Great white shark and Siberian Tiger Essay There are three types of animals around the world known to be endangered species. We can help and protect them by helping the people aware of this animal, so they will be able to know the importance of keeping the animals to live longer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Bald Eagle is not really bald; it actually has white feathers on its head, neck, and tail. Bald is a derivation of balde, and Old English word meaning white. The eagle was names for its white feathers instead for a lack of feathers. Bald eagles may use the same nest year after year, adding more twigs and braches each time. One nest found that had been used for 34 years and weighted over two tons. The bald eagle can fly 20 to 40 mph in normal flight and can dive at speeds over 100mph. Bald eagles can actually swim. They use an overhand movement of wings that is very much like the butterfly stroke. More than 80% of bald eagle population in the southeastern United States is concentrated within the state of Florida.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The great white shark is a streamlined swimmer and a ferocious predator with 3,000 teeth at any one time. This much-feared fish has a torpedo-shaped body, a pointed snout, a crescent-shaped tail, 5 gill slits, no fin spines, an anal fin, and 3 main fins: the dorsal fin (on its back) and 2 pectoral fins (on its sides). When the shark is near the surface, the dorsal fin and part of the tail are visible above the water.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Siberian Tiger (also called the Amur Tiger) is the largest member of the cat family. These huge, territorial cats are found in the Amur-Ussuri region of Siberia (in northeastern Russia) and in northern China and Korea. They live in mountainous conifer forests at elevations up to 3,000 feet. There are only about 400 of these magnificent tigers left in the wild; they are an endangered species. Male Siberian tigers are up to 10 3/4 ft (3.3 m) long and weigh up to 660 pounds (300 kg); females are up to 8 1/2 ft (2.6 m) long and weigh up to 370 pounds (165 kg). The fur is usually pale orange-brown with black stripes; they are paler than most other tigers. The fur on the belly and chest is white with black stripes. There is a white ruff around the neck.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the United States, Bald Eagle is a symbol of justice, strength, and fairness. Great white shark Carcharodon carcharias, also known as white pointer, white shark, or white death, is an exceptionally large lamniform shark found in coastal surface waters in all major oceans. Siberian Tigers are the biggest cats in the world. They live in steamy hot jungles as well as icy cold forest habitats. There are five different kinds or subspecies of tiger alive in the world today.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Therefore, these are three animals are considered as the most endangered animals around the world. They also seek for love and care. As we people of god, our responsibility is to protect them out from danger.   Let them live with peace and harmony. References: Endangered Animals (1996) Bald Eagle. World Wide Web:   http://www.worldkids.net/eac/eagle.html 5k Enchanted Learning Software. Great White Shark. World Wide Web: http://enchantedlearning.com/subjects/sharks/species/Greatwhite.shtml 25k Enchanted Learning.com. Siberian Tiger. World Wide Web: http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/mammals/tiger/Siberiatigerprintout.shtml 9k

Importance of Electrochemical Series

Importance of Electrochemical Series A series in which the reduction electrode potentials of various electrodes have been arranged in the increasing order (downwards) is called Electrochemical Series . The standard reduction potential of hydrogen is zero.The electrodes above hydrogen have negative reduction potential while those place below it have positive reduction potential and vice-versa. To understand the importance and application of Electrochemical series we have to study about Oxidation,Reduction and Standard Reduction Potential. What is Electrochemistry? Electrochemistry is the branch of chemistry which deals with the study of the chemical changes which occur on passing electric current into certain chemical systems and also with the generation of electricity by carrying chemical reactions which are redox reactions in nature. And Redox reactions are those reactions in which both oxidation and reduction taking place. Electronic Concept of Oxidation and Reduction According to the electronic concept, oxidation may be defined as the process in which an atom or ion loses one or more electrons. The loss of electrons is also called de-electronation. As a result, there is increase in positive valency or decrease in negative valency of the species. The species which lose electrons during oxidation are called Reducing agents. According to the electronic concept, reduction may be defined as the process in which an atom or ion gains one or more electrons. The gain of electrons is also called electronation. As a result, there is increase in negative valency or decrease in positive valency of the species. The species which gain electrons during reduction are called Oxidising agents. Electrode Potential It is the potential difference between the electrode and its ions in solution. The value of Electrode potential depends upon: (i) Nature of the metal (ii) Concentration of the ions in solution. (iii) Temperature. Types of Electrode Potential Oxidation Potential:- It is the tendency of the electrode to lose electrons and as a result it gets oxidized. Reduction Potential:- It is the tendency of the electrode to accept electrons and as a result,it gets reduced. Measurement of Standard Electrode Potential (Eo):- The standard electrode potential(electron releasing or electron accepting tendency) of an electrode in contact with its electrolyte in a half cell cannot be measured experimentally due to the following reasons:- A half cell whether oxidation or reduction half cell cannot work of its own and can work only when connected to the other half cell. The electron realeasing or accepting tendency of an electrode is only relative tendency and not absolute tendency. Thus we cannot determine the absolute standard electrode potential of an electrode.To solve the problem,a reference electrode is needed and an arbitrary electrode potential must be assigned to it.The commonly used reference electrode is standard hydrogen electrode (SHE) also called normal hydrogen electrode(NHE) and its standard electrode potential (oxidation as well as reduction) is taken as zero. We have stated that a standard hydrogen electrode acts as the reference electrode and it helps in measuring the standard electrode potential of an electrode.An electrochemical cell is set up in which the metal electrode under consideration is kept in one half cell and the standard hydrogen electrode acts as the other half cell. The potential difference developed as a result of the redox reaction is measured with the help of high resistance voltmeter(or beter by potentiometer). Since the electrode potential of the hydrogen electrode under standard conditions is taken zero, the reading of the voltmeter will therefore,give the  standard electrode potential of the electrode under consideration. The deflection of the voltmeter in the cell circuit represents the flow of current. The flow of current is towards opposite side.If it is towards the metal electrode, this means that the flow of electrons is towards the standard hydrogen electrode. Therefore, metal electrode will act as anode and standard hydrogen electrode as cathode. In case, the deflection is towards the hydrogen electrode, this means that the flow of electrons is from hydrogen electrode towards the metal electrode. In such a case, hydrogen electrode will act as anode and the metal electrode as the cathode. In General, Eo cell = Eo cathode Eoanode Where Eo cell value represents the standard reduction potential of the electrode. Electrochemical Series or EMF Series :- The standard electrode potential (Eo cell) of a large number of electrodes are determined with respect to the standard hydrogen electrode acting as a reference electrode. The standard reduction potential of hydrogen is zero. The electrodes above hydrogen have negative reduction potential while those place below it have positive reduction potential and vice-versa. They are arranged in decreasing strength of reducing agent to form a series known as Electrochemical Series. Application of Electrochemical Series:- To predict the relative oxidizing and reducing powers:- The electrochemical series helps to pick out substances that are good oxidizing agents and those which are good reducing agents.In an electrochemical series the species which are placed above hydrogen are more difficult to be reduced and their standard reduction potential values are negative. The Li : Li+ (aq) electrode has the least Eo value and therefore, it is reduced with more difficulty. Therefore, Li+ cannot accept electrons easily and so loses electrons to behave as a reducing agent. Li is the strongest reducing agent. The species which are easily reduced than hydrogen are palced below it in electrochemical series and their Eo value are positive. The F2 : 2F-(aq) electrode has the highest Eo value and therefore, F2 has the greatest tendency to get reduced,it is consequently the strongest oxidizing agent. In general, oxidizing agents have + Eo values. Higher the positive value, stronger will be the oxidizing agent and reducing agents have -Eo values, higher the negative value, stronger will be the reducing agent. For Example: Increasing order of reducing power of metal is Ag+/Ag(+0.80V) Calculation of the EMF of the Cell The following steps determine the reduction potential of the cathode and anode: Step I The two half-cell reactions are written in such a way that the reaction taking place at the left hand electrode is written as an oxidation reaction and that taking place at the right electrode is written as reduction reaction. Step II The number of electrons in the two equations are made equal by multiplying one of the equations if necessary by a suitable number. However, electrode potential values (E °) are not multiplied. Step III The electrode potentials of both the electrodes are taken to be reduction potentials and so the EMF of the cell is equal to the difference between the standard potential of the right hand side and the left hand side electrode. Eo cell = Eo R EoL Step IV If the EMF of the cell is +ve, the reaction is feasible in the given direction and the cell is correctly represented, i.e., oxidation occurs at left electrode (anode) and reduction occurs at the right electrode (cathode). If it is -ve, the cell reaction is not feasible in the given direction and the cell is wrongly represented. Thus, to get positive value for the EMF the electrodes must be reversed. To predict whether a metal will react with acids to give H2 gas:- Metals above hydrogen in Electrochemical series have great tendency for oxidation,so they displace hydrogen from acids.All metals having negative electrode potentials (negative E ° values) show greater tendency of losing electrons as compared to hydrogen. So, when such a metal is placed in an acid solution, the metal gets oxidized, and H+ (hydrogen) ions get reduced to form hydrogen gas. Thus, the metals having negative E ° values liberate hydrogen from acids. metal having negative E ° value For example, metals such as Mg (E (Mg2+ Mg) = 2.37 V), Zn (E (Zn2+ Zn) = 0.76 V), Iron (E (Fe2+ Fe) = 0.44 V) etc., can displace hydrogen from acids such as HCl and HSO4. But metals such as Copper, (E (Cu2+ Cu) = + 0.34V), silver (E (Ag+ Ag) = + 0.80V) and gold (E (Au3+ Au) = +1.42 V) cannot displace hydrogen from acids because of their positive reduction potential value. To predict the Feasibility of Redox Reaction:- From the E ° values of the two electrodes one can find out whether a given redox reaction is feasible or not. A redox reaction is feasible only if the species which has higher potential is reduced i.e., accepts the electrons and the species which has lower reduction potential is oxidized i.e., loses electrons. The electrochemical series gives the increasing order of electrode potentials (reduction) of different electrodes on moving down the table. This means that the species, which accept the electrons (reduced) must be lower in the electrochemical series as compared to the other which is to lose electrons. (oxidized). For example, From the electrochemical series E ° value of Cu = +0.34 V and that of Ag = +0.80 V since the reduction potential of Ag is more than that of Cu, this means that silver has greater tendency to get reduced in comparison to copper. Thus, the reaction  occurs more readily than the reaction The reduction potential of copper is less than that of Ag, this means that copper will be oxidized or will go into solution as ions in comparison to Ag. Thus, the reaction,  occurs more readily than Therefore, silver will be reduced and copper will be oxidized and the above reaction is not feasible. Rather the reverse reaction,  can occur. Thus a metal will displace, any other metal, which occurs below it in the electrochemical series from its salt solution. When a metal having lower E ° value is placed in a solution, containing ions of another metal having higher E ° value, then the metal having lower E ° value gets dissolved and the ions of the metal having higher E ° value get precipitated. Problems Q:- Write the half-cell reaction and the overall cell reaction for the electrochemical cell: Calculate the standard emf for the cell if standard electrode potentials (reduction) Pb2+ Pb and Zn2+ Zn electrodes are -0.126V and -0.763 V respectively. Solution Zn electrode acts as anode while Pb electrode acts as cathode and, therefore oxidation occurs at zinc electrode and reduction occurs at lead electrode. The half cell reactions are: Q:- Iodine (I2) and bromine (Br2) are added to a solution containing iodide (I-) and bromide (Br-) ions. What reaction would occur if the concentration of each species is 1 M? The electrode potentials for the reactions are: Solution Since the reduction potential of Br2 is more than that of I2, it means that bromine can be readily reduced. Therefore, I- will be oxidized to I2 and this reaction should be written as oxidation. Therefore, the following reactions will occur: Since for the feasibility of the reaction, the emf should be +ve, and to get + ve value for the cell reaction, subtract the equation representing lower value of E ° from the equation representing the higher value of E °. Q:-. What will be the spontaneous reaction between the following half-cell reactions? Calculate Ecell. Solution Since the reduction potential of reaction (ii) is more than that of reaction (i); reaction (ii) will occur as reduction. Therefore, reaction (i) should be written as oxidation. To obtain the net reaction, we multiply the reactions by appropriate coefficients so that electrons get cancelled. Ecell = Esubstance reduced Esubstance oxidized = 1.28 (- 0.74) = 2.02V To predict the spontaneity of any redox reaction:- For any spontaneous reaction (deltaG) should be negative.Since deltaG = -nFE cell Hence E cell should be positive for spontaneous reaction. E cell is the emf of the cell and is calculated from the standard redox potentials by using the reaction. E cell = Ecathode Eanode If E cell is positive, the cell reaction is spontaneous, otherwise not. To predict the Replacement tendency :- The relative ease with which the various species of metals and ions may be oxidized or reduced is indicated by the reduction potential values. The metals with lower reduction potential are not reduced easily but are easily oxidized to their ions losing electrons. These electrons would reduce the other metals having higher reduction potentials. In other words, a metal having smaller reduction potential can displace metals having larger reduction potentials from the solution of their salt.For example, copper lies above silver in the electrochemical series, therefore, if copper metal is added to AgNO3 solution, silver is displaced from the solution. In general a metal occupying higher position in the series can displace the metals lying below it from the solutions of their salts and so are more reactive in displacing the other metals. Thus, Li is the most electropositive element in solutions and fluorine is the most electronegative element. To predict the correct Metallurgical Methods :- Eo values of Cu,H2O and Al are +0.34V,-0.83V and -1.66V.It means Cu gets more easily reduced than water and water gets more easily reduced than aluminium.Hence copper can be produced by the electrolysis of aqueous copper sulphate but not aluminium.this is due to the fact that when Al3+(aq) is electrolysed,the H2O will be electrolysed but not Al3+(aq). For calculation of Equilibrium Constant :- Therefore measurement of E o enables the determination of the equilibrium constant for the electrode reaction.

Jane Eyre and Education in Nineteenth-century England Essay -- Jane Ey

Jane Eyre and Education in Nineteenth-century England Jane Eyre provides an accurate view of education in nineteenth-century England, as seen by an 1840s educator. The course of Jane's life in regard to her own education and her work in education are largely autobiographical, mirroring Charlotte Bronte's own life. Jane's time at Lowood corresponds to Charlotte's education at a school for daughters of the clergy, which she and her sisters Maria, Elizabeth and Emily left for in 1824. Jane went on to attend Miss Wooler's school at Roehead from 1831 to 1832, and returned to teach there for three years in 1935, just as Jane became a teacher at Lowood. Both Charlotte and Jane became governesses. The Lowood School is an accurate representation of a Charity School in the 1820s . The bad health conditions follow the conditions of the school the Brontes went to. The monitorial system of teaching it operates on coincides with the systems created by Joseph Lancaster and Andrew Bell. Lowood's system of a master teacher, under teachers, and monitors is consistent with Bell's complicated system. In addition, the brand of discipline implemented by Mr. Brocklehurst is much like that of Lancaster. Jane's horror at the harsh punishments at Lowood are meant to prompt similar reactions in the reader. Jane at first thinks she could not bear such punishment and is mortified when she must stand on a stool and is accused of being a liar. The disciplining of Jane was completely unfounded, the result of an accident. Most of the punishments at Lowood seem to be for minor and unavoidable infractions such as having dirty nails when the wash water was frozen. Jane sees these punishments as generally just being mean, and thinks that such mean people do ... ...ould receive work appropriate for his own age and ability. The passages which do show Jane at the school usually include praises of how well her students are doing and how the children of England are so much better than the children of the rest of the Europe. This belief also suggests that their education system is the best, including the newest form of schooling, the class school. While at first Lowood was an awful experience, Jane ended up getting a very good education, and went on to offer even better education to other children. Jane Eyre illustrates the evils one could face in the charity schools of the early nineteenth century and the development of that education system into a much better, more efficient system. Works Cited: Bronte, Charlotte. Jane Eyre. London, Penguin Books Ltd.: 1996. (Edited with an Introduction and Notes by Michael Mason).

Law Research Essay

â€Å"An agreement without consideration is void†. Do you agree? Justify your response on the basis on what you have learnt about this rule and its exceptions. Use suitable illustrations to substantiate your answer. A legally binding contract needs consideration as it is an important element. So, a valid contract will not exist without consideration. By promise someone sacrifices or gives something and other people take something. This kind of giving or taking and sacrificing is called consideration by law. If one party promises without any consideration that is a gift. Consideration is an essential element for the formation of a contract. It may consist of a promise to perform a desired act or a promise to refrain from doing an act that one is legally entitled to do. S2 (d) Contract Act 1950 defines consideration, when, at the desire of the promisor, the promisee or any other person has done or abstained from doing, or does or abstains from doing, or promises to do or to abstain from doing, something, such act or abstinence or promise is called a consideration for the promise. It can also be defined as a detriment suffered in exchange for a benefit received, each party must promise to give or do something for the other. Consideration must exist in every contracts and it must have monetary value. There have been a number of case law definitions of consideration, for example Currie v Misa (1875): â€Å"A valuable consideration in the sense of the law may consist either in some right, interest, profit or benefit accruing to one party, or some forbearance, detriment, loss or responsibility given, suffered or undertaken by the other.† S26 Contract Act 1950 states that, an agreement made without consideration is void, unless (a) it is in writing and registered; it is expressed in writing and registered under the law (if any) for the time being in force for the registration of such documents, and is made on account of natural love and affection between parties standing in a near relation to each other. Besides that, (b) or is a promise to compensate for something done; it is a promise to compensate, wholly or in part, a person who has already voluntarily done something for the promise, or something which the promisor was legally compellable to do. Also, (c) or is a promise to pay debt barred by limitation law; it is a promise, made in writing and signed by the person to be charged therewith, or by his agent generally or specially authorized in that behalf, to pay wholly or in part a debt of which the creditor might have enforced payment but for the law for the limitation of suits. An agreement is a contract in any there cases. Illustrations for S26 Contract Act 1950, (a) A promises, for no consideration, to give to B RM1, 000. This is a void agreement. (b) A, for natural love and affection, promises to give his son, B, RM1,000. A puts his promise to B into writing and registers it under a law for the time being in force for the registration of such documents, this is a contract. (c) A finds B’s purse and gives it to him. B promises to give A RM 50. This is a contract. (d) A supports B’s infant son. B promises to pay A’s expenses in so doing. This is a contract. (e) A owes B RM1, 000, but the debt is barred by limitation. A signs a written promise to pay B RM500 on account of the debt. This is a contract. (f) A agrees to sell a horse worth RM1, 000 for RM 10. A’s consent to the agreement was freely given. The agreement is a contract notwithstanding the inadequacy of the consideration. (g) A agrees to sell a horse worth RM1, 000 for RM 10. A denies that consent to the agreement was freely given. The inadequacy of the consideration is a fact which the court should take into account in considering whether or not A’s consent was freely given. In conclusion, I agree with the statement â€Å"an agreement without consideration is void†. If an agreement without consideration is valid, it is unfair to everyone who is protected by the law. Therefore, according to S26 Contract Act 1950, an agreement made without consideration is void, unless it is in writing and registered; or is a promise to compensate for something done; or is a promise to pay a debt barred by limitation law. Question 2 Khalid was interested in buying Siti’s painting which she had names â€Å"Hawa†. Khalid met Siti and told her that he will pay her RM5,000 for â€Å"Hawa†. Siti said she will think about it. 2 weeks later Siti told Khalid that she will sell him the painting for RM7,000. Khalid said that the price was too high and he did not want the painting. One week later, Khalid received bonus from his employer. He immediately contacted Siti and told her that he will pay the RM7,000 for â€Å"Hawa†. Siti refused to give Khalid the painting, saying the price had now gone up to RM10,000. Explain to Siti whether she is bound by any contract to sell the painting to Khalid for RM7,000? Make references to relevant case laws and legislation. Issue: Whether Siti is bound by any contract to sell the painting to Khalid for RM7,000? Identify and Application of Law: The Contract Act 1950 is the law governing the making of a contract. S2 (g) Contract Act 1950 states that an agreement not enforceable by law is said to be void and S2 (h) Contract Act 1950 states an agreement enforceable by law is a contract. Therefore, to determine whether there Siti is bound by any contract to sell the painting to Khalid for RM7,000? Firstly, S2 (b) Contract Act 1950, when the person to whom the proposal is made signifies his assent thereto, the proposal is said to be accepted: a proposal, when accepted, becomes a promise. S2 (c) Contract Act 1950, the person making the proposal is called the â€Å"promisor† and the person accepting the proposal is called the â€Å"promisee†. In this case here, Khalid can be said to be an offerer and if Siti accepted the offer, she would become the offeree. Khalid offered to Siti to pay her RM5,000 for buying the painting â€Å"Hawa†. Siti said she will think about it but she did not accept the offer. In S6 (c) Contract Act 1950, by failure of the acceptor to fulfill a condition precedent to acceptance; or counter offer, the proposal is revoked. Hyde v Wrench (1840), D made an offer to sell his house for 1000 pound. P purposely accepted at 950 pound but when D refused, P accepted the original offer of 1000 pound. Here, the counter offer terminated the original offer. There was nothing to accept. After two weeks, Siti made a counter offer to Khalid that she will sell him the painting â€Å"Hawa† for RM7,000. Then Khalid immediately said price was too high, he did not want the painting â€Å"Hawa†. Besides that, This counter offer also terminated the original offer which was Khalid offered Siti to buy the painting â€Å"Hawa† for RM5,000. So there was no any contract between Siti and Khalid. One week later, Khalid received bonus from his employer. He immediately contacted Siti and told her that he will pay RM7,000 for the painting â€Å"Hawa†. In here, Khalid made an offer to Siti again. However, Siti refused to give Khalid the painting for RM7,000. She told Khalid that the price of â€Å"Hawa† had now gone up to RM10,000. Siti did not accept Khalid’s offer and she inform Khalid that the price of â€Å"Hawa† had gone up to RM10,000. Therefore, there was no any contract between Siti and Khalid in this case. If Khalid really wanted to buy the painting â€Å"Hawa† for RM7,000, he should not refuse Siti immediately at the moment. He should just tell Siti that he would think about it. If he told Siti that he would think about it but not refused it, then there was a contract between Siti and Khalid. In conclusion, Siti is not bound by any contract to sell the painting â€Å"Hawa† to Khalid for RM7,000. S 3 Contract Act 1950 states the communication of proposals, the acceptance of proposals, and the revocation of proposals and acceptances, respectively, are deemed to be made by any act or omission of the party proposing, accepting, or revoking, by which he intends to communicate the proposal, acceptance, or revocation, or which has the effect of communication it. The general rule of S3 Contract Act 1950 is the acceptance must be communicated. In this case, when Siti made a counter offer to Khalid to sell the painting â€Å"Hawa† for RM7,000, Khalid did not accept the offer, but he refused it due to the price was too high. So the offer of selling the painting â€Å"Hawa† for RM7,000 was terminated, the offer was no longer exist. Therefore, Siti is not bound by any contract to sell the painting â€Å"Hawa† to Khalid for RM7,000. List of References The Lawyers & Jurists (2010) Insuffiency of consideration is immaterial, but an agreement without consideration is void- illustrate and explain. [online] Available at: http://www.lawyersnjurists.com/resource/articles-and-assignment/insuffiency-consideration-immaterial-agreement-consideration-void-%E2%80%93-illustrate-explain/ [Accessed: 25th Aug 2012]. Laws of Malaysia. (2009) Contract Act 1950. Kuala Lumpur: The Commissioner of Law Revision, Malaysia, p.12~13.

Thai Tuan Product Essays

Thai Tuan Product Essays Thai Tuan Product Essay Thai Tuan Product Essay Thai Tuan’s innovation – Foundation of textiles success In the 21st century, Vietnam has become one of the fastest developing countries in the world. It is renowned not only in travel, investment but also about the entrepreneurs. Back to the 1970s, Vietnam was a very poor country after the war with much of its economy destroyed by the Vietnam War. There was no export, no trade, no connection between Vietnam and the other countries. The entrepreneurs, therefore, were unable to develop their business even if they found it potential and profitable. However, in the mid-1980s, the Vietnam government implemented a new strategy called ‘Renovation’ in order to save the economy. Realizing the chance has come, the entrepreneurs started to build their business and seek for market to earn profit. One of the most potential products at that time was textile. Realizing the huge demand of textile, the entrepreneur Thai Tuan Chi established Thai Tuan Group Corporation in 1993 in order to produce and supply textile products to the markets across the country. In 2010, after 17 years, Thai Tuan Group Corporation has become one of the most successful companies in Vietnam. This report will demonstrate the manner of Thai Tuan Corporation that helps leading the company to success. Thai Tuan Chi original was a child of the oriental medicine doctor – a generous father of 11 children. Living within the poverty, he understands the difficulties, agony put on the poor’s shoulder. Thus, the will of ending poverty grew within his mind. At the age of 14, he started to work on many jobs from selling soda, soya-sauce to sandal, blanket to earn money. 8, he began to trade many kinds of goods to get money as much as possible. In fact, everything just started to change significantly when he got to the age of 25, he has turned from selling goods to focus on doing only one business with long-term plan and extreme care. That venture was about textile, and he was the pioneer of the textile and garment industry. As a result, in 1993, Thai Tuan Grou p Corporation was founded. At the beginning, its purpose was to produce and supply textile and garment products to the market. Consumers at that time were only women at the age of 22 to 42. In the 2000s, realize the potential of new technology; the company has bought the advanced technology and new machines from Japan and the EU to improve its products. It also started to implement the ISO 9000, ISO 14000, SA 8000, and the 5S international quality control systems. The company started to manufacture not only silk but also jacquard, and plain from polyester, spandex and visco, etc. Its consumers are now varying from women to students while its markets have expanded from supplying across the country to exporting the products to the international markets. In 2010, its products have been chosen to be the Vietnam’s highest quality product. At the same time, it is honor to be the main supplier for the Ministers of ASEAN countries. The success of Thai Tuan Group Corporation is based on two types of innovation: extension and duplication. An innovation that creates successful venture is considered to be the extension and duplication type when the venture are about copying innovatively something already exists, finding new applications for it, improving it and spreading it to everywhere. Thai Tuan Chi has done the same thing though he did not invent any new application for textile products. In fact, textile products were nothing new at that time, but the idea of manufacturing, improving and commercializing it into the world market has never been done by anyone before him. Back to the 20th century, textile products were produced and traded between merchants and the people who produce, embroider it at home. The products, then, were shipped to the market to sell for the customers. There was no such thing as textile industry exists at that time. Realizing the huge potential of textile products, Thai Tuan Chi has established Thai Tuan Group Corporation to manufacture and distribute the high quality textile and garment products. He started to conduct researching on the market and at the end successfully established the product supplying system across the country. According to brand. hoo. vn, Thai Tuan Group Corporation now owns three branches, eight showrooms, over 300 agents and more than 3500 distributors across the country. Thai Tuan Chi also focuses on improving and diversifying the products in order to compete with other national and international textile companies. Thus, he has bought and implemented the advanced technologies from Japan and EU. According to thaituanfashion. com, Thai Tuan Group Corporation now is able to manufacture and supply jacquard, plain from polyester, spandex and visco to varying consumers, mainly women and students. By implementing ISO 9000, ISO 14000, SA 8000, and the 5S international quality control systems, the company’s market finally has reached beyond the ocean. Their products are renowned in Australia, popular in America and are the first Vietnamese textile products enter the Middle East. Thai Tuan Chi’s way of developing business is similar to the manner of the McDonald brothers when they first manifested their fast food to the world. They also tried to improve the products quality and spread it to many places. Similar to McDonald, Thai Tuan has brought the textile and garment products from the small business on the street, from the tiny, unknown village to the huge venture of manufacturing and supplying it across the country and to all over the world. Based on what have been presented, it is crystal clear that the innovation which helps creating the successful venture for Thai Tuan Corporation belongs to both extension and duplication type. There are two sources that Thai Tuan’s innovation comes from: Incongruities and Process needs. Incongruities basically is the term that defines the difference or lack of consistency between what is expected to happen and what is really happen. Process needs is simply the term that defines the process of providing or supplying the need, the demand of the market. However, those demands are not easily recognized. According to thaituanfashion. com, He chose the fabric because ‘I realized it†¦ was light and profitable. That’s all, very simple. ’. However, the truth is not that simple. In fact, he not only realized the massive demand of the market in fabric but also recognized the huge need of the high quality fabric as well as textile products. He also predicted that the day when fabric, textile products come to manufacturing and commercializing across the country as well as beyond the ocean would come, and he was right. Follow the finest strategy, he brought textile products into business, seeking for new technologies to improve the product quality as well as to produce more diverse products. He understand that in order to achieve a successful venture, the products produced have to be diverse, creative and different from the opponents. As a result, the Product development and research center has been established to develop products. According to Thai Tuan website, after almost two decades, his company has now become ‘one of the leading Vietnamese textile product and fashion services supplying enterprises’ with 100 products and nearly 2000 patterns released every year. In the international market, his manner of developing and maintaining the venture is to avoid competing directly to the big corporation in the international market but to find the own way to go. He states that there are always the spaces in both inland and oversea market. Once these demands are found, it is only the matter of time to find the appropriate strategy to earn profit from the new market. Roughly speaking, Incongruities and Process needs are two main resources of innovation that distributed to the success of Thai Tuan Group Corporation. In conclusion, the perfect combination between a long-term plan, an appropriate strategy and the innovation of developing business has brought success to the Thai Tuan Group Corporation. Among these elements, Innovation is considered to be the most important because the fate of a business is based on the way innovation is found and developed. Thai Tuan Chi’s case is a very good example of choosing and developing the right innovation. He has chosen to brought textile and garment into industry and turned it into a very profitable business – thing that nobody has done before, he has found and driven his venture directly to the right direction – avoiding competing directly with the big Corporations and try to find the spaces of the market that no one has entered. He has tried to improve and diversify the products to manifest his business and make it different from other opponents, and he has tried to deliver his products to everywhere, from the North to the South, from the East to the West. Roughly speaking, it is crystal clear that Innovation is very important as a foundation of every business. However, different types of innovation go along with different sources would result in different outcomes. Therefore, Innovation needs to be found and chosen appropriately before starting the venture.