Strategic Leadership in Criminal Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Strategic Leadership in Criminal Justice - Essay Example So a dire need will be felt to promote the lower ranking officers to higher posts. Hence, the police department emphatically feels that the creation of a systematic procedure for appraising the lower ranking officers for promotion purposes will help assure the quality and reliability of the policing in the area. Though Larry is left with varied options regarding the designing of the new appraisal system, he is apprehensive in the sense that he does not want the new system to be unjust and biased towards the junior officers. At the same time, he intends the new system to be innovative and ingenious. Larry Homes has before him a possible choice of varied existing appraisal methods. These methods include: For years, the police department has resorted to this method for assessing the promotability of the junior officers. This appraisal method primarily relied on the ratings extended by an immediate supervisor regarding the subordinates under him or her (McConnell, 2005, p. 248). This appraisal method had its advantages in the sense that it assured apt cooperation between the supervisors and the subordinates (McConnell, 2005, p. 248). However, a majority of the junior officers in the police force are not satisfied with this appraisal method. They feel that the promotability of an employee needs to be measured by using predominantly subjective criteria (Kulik, 2004, p. 92). In that context, the junior officers are of the view that an appraisal method relying on the opinion of only a single supervisor is open to doubts pertaining to its reliability (Murphy, 1998, p. 148). Besides, giving too much reliance on this promotion method could have a debilitating impact on the moral of the police force.

Bald Eagle, Great white shark and Siberian Tiger Essay Example for Free

Bald Eagle, Great white shark and Siberian Tiger Essay There are three types of animals around the world known to be endangered species. We can help and protect them by helping the people aware of this animal, so they will be able to know the importance of keeping the animals to live longer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Bald Eagle is not really bald; it actually has white feathers on its head, neck, and tail. Bald is a derivation of balde, and Old English word meaning white. The eagle was names for its white feathers instead for a lack of feathers. Bald eagles may use the same nest year after year, adding more twigs and braches each time. One nest found that had been used for 34 years and weighted over two tons. The bald eagle can fly 20 to 40 mph in normal flight and can dive at speeds over 100mph. Bald eagles can actually swim. They use an overhand movement of wings that is very much like the butterfly stroke. More than 80% of bald eagle population in the southeastern United States is concentrated within the state of Florida.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The great white shark is a streamlined swimmer and a ferocious predator with 3,000 teeth at any one time. This much-feared fish has a torpedo-shaped body, a pointed snout, a crescent-shaped tail, 5 gill slits, no fin spines, an anal fin, and 3 main fins: the dorsal fin (on its back) and 2 pectoral fins (on its sides). When the shark is near the surface, the dorsal fin and part of the tail are visible above the water.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Siberian Tiger (also called the Amur Tiger) is the largest member of the cat family. These huge, territorial cats are found in the Amur-Ussuri region of Siberia (in northeastern Russia) and in northern China and Korea. They live in mountainous conifer forests at elevations up to 3,000 feet. There are only about 400 of these magnificent tigers left in the wild; they are an endangered species. Male Siberian tigers are up to 10 3/4 ft (3.3 m) long and weigh up to 660 pounds (300 kg); females are up to 8 1/2 ft (2.6 m) long and weigh up to 370 pounds (165 kg). The fur is usually pale orange-brown with black stripes; they are paler than most other tigers. The fur on the belly and chest is white with black stripes. There is a white ruff around the neck.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the United States, Bald Eagle is a symbol of justice, strength, and fairness. Great white shark Carcharodon carcharias, also known as white pointer, white shark, or white death, is an exceptionally large lamniform shark found in coastal surface waters in all major oceans. Siberian Tigers are the biggest cats in the world. They live in steamy hot jungles as well as icy cold forest habitats. There are five different kinds or subspecies of tiger alive in the world today.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Therefore, these are three animals are considered as the most endangered animals around the world. They also seek for love and care. As we people of god, our responsibility is to protect them out from danger.   Let them live with peace and harmony. References: Endangered Animals (1996) Bald Eagle. World Wide Web:   http://www.worldkids.net/eac/eagle.html 5k Enchanted Learning Software. Great White Shark. World Wide Web: http://enchantedlearning.com/subjects/sharks/species/Greatwhite.shtml 25k Enchanted Learning.com. Siberian Tiger. World Wide Web: http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/mammals/tiger/Siberiatigerprintout.shtml 9k

Importance of Electrochemical Series

Importance of Electrochemical Series A series in which the reduction electrode potentials of various electrodes have been arranged in the increasing order (downwards) is called Electrochemical Series . The standard reduction potential of hydrogen is zero.The electrodes above hydrogen have negative reduction potential while those place below it have positive reduction potential and vice-versa. To understand the importance and application of Electrochemical series we have to study about Oxidation,Reduction and Standard Reduction Potential. What is Electrochemistry? Electrochemistry is the branch of chemistry which deals with the study of the chemical changes which occur on passing electric current into certain chemical systems and also with the generation of electricity by carrying chemical reactions which are redox reactions in nature. And Redox reactions are those reactions in which both oxidation and reduction taking place. Electronic Concept of Oxidation and Reduction According to the electronic concept, oxidation may be defined as the process in which an atom or ion loses one or more electrons. The loss of electrons is also called de-electronation. As a result, there is increase in positive valency or decrease in negative valency of the species. The species which lose electrons during oxidation are called Reducing agents. According to the electronic concept, reduction may be defined as the process in which an atom or ion gains one or more electrons. The gain of electrons is also called electronation. As a result, there is increase in negative valency or decrease in positive valency of the species. The species which gain electrons during reduction are called Oxidising agents. Electrode Potential It is the potential difference between the electrode and its ions in solution. The value of Electrode potential depends upon: (i) Nature of the metal (ii) Concentration of the ions in solution. (iii) Temperature. Types of Electrode Potential Oxidation Potential:- It is the tendency of the electrode to lose electrons and as a result it gets oxidized. Reduction Potential:- It is the tendency of the electrode to accept electrons and as a result,it gets reduced. Measurement of Standard Electrode Potential (Eo):- The standard electrode potential(electron releasing or electron accepting tendency) of an electrode in contact with its electrolyte in a half cell cannot be measured experimentally due to the following reasons:- A half cell whether oxidation or reduction half cell cannot work of its own and can work only when connected to the other half cell. The electron realeasing or accepting tendency of an electrode is only relative tendency and not absolute tendency. Thus we cannot determine the absolute standard electrode potential of an electrode.To solve the problem,a reference electrode is needed and an arbitrary electrode potential must be assigned to it.The commonly used reference electrode is standard hydrogen electrode (SHE) also called normal hydrogen electrode(NHE) and its standard electrode potential (oxidation as well as reduction) is taken as zero. We have stated that a standard hydrogen electrode acts as the reference electrode and it helps in measuring the standard electrode potential of an electrode.An electrochemical cell is set up in which the metal electrode under consideration is kept in one half cell and the standard hydrogen electrode acts as the other half cell. The potential difference developed as a result of the redox reaction is measured with the help of high resistance voltmeter(or beter by potentiometer). Since the electrode potential of the hydrogen electrode under standard conditions is taken zero, the reading of the voltmeter will therefore,give the  standard electrode potential of the electrode under consideration. The deflection of the voltmeter in the cell circuit represents the flow of current. The flow of current is towards opposite side.If it is towards the metal electrode, this means that the flow of electrons is towards the standard hydrogen electrode. Therefore, metal electrode will act as anode and standard hydrogen electrode as cathode. In case, the deflection is towards the hydrogen electrode, this means that the flow of electrons is from hydrogen electrode towards the metal electrode. In such a case, hydrogen electrode will act as anode and the metal electrode as the cathode. In General, Eo cell = Eo cathode Eoanode Where Eo cell value represents the standard reduction potential of the electrode. Electrochemical Series or EMF Series :- The standard electrode potential (Eo cell) of a large number of electrodes are determined with respect to the standard hydrogen electrode acting as a reference electrode. The standard reduction potential of hydrogen is zero. The electrodes above hydrogen have negative reduction potential while those place below it have positive reduction potential and vice-versa. They are arranged in decreasing strength of reducing agent to form a series known as Electrochemical Series. Application of Electrochemical Series:- To predict the relative oxidizing and reducing powers:- The electrochemical series helps to pick out substances that are good oxidizing agents and those which are good reducing agents.In an electrochemical series the species which are placed above hydrogen are more difficult to be reduced and their standard reduction potential values are negative. The Li : Li+ (aq) electrode has the least Eo value and therefore, it is reduced with more difficulty. Therefore, Li+ cannot accept electrons easily and so loses electrons to behave as a reducing agent. Li is the strongest reducing agent. The species which are easily reduced than hydrogen are palced below it in electrochemical series and their Eo value are positive. The F2 : 2F-(aq) electrode has the highest Eo value and therefore, F2 has the greatest tendency to get reduced,it is consequently the strongest oxidizing agent. In general, oxidizing agents have + Eo values. Higher the positive value, stronger will be the oxidizing agent and reducing agents have -Eo values, higher the negative value, stronger will be the reducing agent. For Example: Increasing order of reducing power of metal is Ag+/Ag(+0.80V) Calculation of the EMF of the Cell The following steps determine the reduction potential of the cathode and anode: Step I The two half-cell reactions are written in such a way that the reaction taking place at the left hand electrode is written as an oxidation reaction and that taking place at the right electrode is written as reduction reaction. Step II The number of electrons in the two equations are made equal by multiplying one of the equations if necessary by a suitable number. However, electrode potential values (E °) are not multiplied. Step III The electrode potentials of both the electrodes are taken to be reduction potentials and so the EMF of the cell is equal to the difference between the standard potential of the right hand side and the left hand side electrode. Eo cell = Eo R EoL Step IV If the EMF of the cell is +ve, the reaction is feasible in the given direction and the cell is correctly represented, i.e., oxidation occurs at left electrode (anode) and reduction occurs at the right electrode (cathode). If it is -ve, the cell reaction is not feasible in the given direction and the cell is wrongly represented. Thus, to get positive value for the EMF the electrodes must be reversed. To predict whether a metal will react with acids to give H2 gas:- Metals above hydrogen in Electrochemical series have great tendency for oxidation,so they displace hydrogen from acids.All metals having negative electrode potentials (negative E ° values) show greater tendency of losing electrons as compared to hydrogen. So, when such a metal is placed in an acid solution, the metal gets oxidized, and H+ (hydrogen) ions get reduced to form hydrogen gas. Thus, the metals having negative E ° values liberate hydrogen from acids. metal having negative E ° value For example, metals such as Mg (E (Mg2+ Mg) = 2.37 V), Zn (E (Zn2+ Zn) = 0.76 V), Iron (E (Fe2+ Fe) = 0.44 V) etc., can displace hydrogen from acids such as HCl and HSO4. But metals such as Copper, (E (Cu2+ Cu) = + 0.34V), silver (E (Ag+ Ag) = + 0.80V) and gold (E (Au3+ Au) = +1.42 V) cannot displace hydrogen from acids because of their positive reduction potential value. To predict the Feasibility of Redox Reaction:- From the E ° values of the two electrodes one can find out whether a given redox reaction is feasible or not. A redox reaction is feasible only if the species which has higher potential is reduced i.e., accepts the electrons and the species which has lower reduction potential is oxidized i.e., loses electrons. The electrochemical series gives the increasing order of electrode potentials (reduction) of different electrodes on moving down the table. This means that the species, which accept the electrons (reduced) must be lower in the electrochemical series as compared to the other which is to lose electrons. (oxidized). For example, From the electrochemical series E ° value of Cu = +0.34 V and that of Ag = +0.80 V since the reduction potential of Ag is more than that of Cu, this means that silver has greater tendency to get reduced in comparison to copper. Thus, the reaction  occurs more readily than the reaction The reduction potential of copper is less than that of Ag, this means that copper will be oxidized or will go into solution as ions in comparison to Ag. Thus, the reaction,  occurs more readily than Therefore, silver will be reduced and copper will be oxidized and the above reaction is not feasible. Rather the reverse reaction,  can occur. Thus a metal will displace, any other metal, which occurs below it in the electrochemical series from its salt solution. When a metal having lower E ° value is placed in a solution, containing ions of another metal having higher E ° value, then the metal having lower E ° value gets dissolved and the ions of the metal having higher E ° value get precipitated. Problems Q:- Write the half-cell reaction and the overall cell reaction for the electrochemical cell: Calculate the standard emf for the cell if standard electrode potentials (reduction) Pb2+ Pb and Zn2+ Zn electrodes are -0.126V and -0.763 V respectively. Solution Zn electrode acts as anode while Pb electrode acts as cathode and, therefore oxidation occurs at zinc electrode and reduction occurs at lead electrode. The half cell reactions are: Q:- Iodine (I2) and bromine (Br2) are added to a solution containing iodide (I-) and bromide (Br-) ions. What reaction would occur if the concentration of each species is 1 M? The electrode potentials for the reactions are: Solution Since the reduction potential of Br2 is more than that of I2, it means that bromine can be readily reduced. Therefore, I- will be oxidized to I2 and this reaction should be written as oxidation. Therefore, the following reactions will occur: Since for the feasibility of the reaction, the emf should be +ve, and to get + ve value for the cell reaction, subtract the equation representing lower value of E ° from the equation representing the higher value of E °. Q:-. What will be the spontaneous reaction between the following half-cell reactions? Calculate Ecell. Solution Since the reduction potential of reaction (ii) is more than that of reaction (i); reaction (ii) will occur as reduction. Therefore, reaction (i) should be written as oxidation. To obtain the net reaction, we multiply the reactions by appropriate coefficients so that electrons get cancelled. Ecell = Esubstance reduced Esubstance oxidized = 1.28 (- 0.74) = 2.02V To predict the spontaneity of any redox reaction:- For any spontaneous reaction (deltaG) should be negative.Since deltaG = -nFE cell Hence E cell should be positive for spontaneous reaction. E cell is the emf of the cell and is calculated from the standard redox potentials by using the reaction. E cell = Ecathode Eanode If E cell is positive, the cell reaction is spontaneous, otherwise not. To predict the Replacement tendency :- The relative ease with which the various species of metals and ions may be oxidized or reduced is indicated by the reduction potential values. The metals with lower reduction potential are not reduced easily but are easily oxidized to their ions losing electrons. These electrons would reduce the other metals having higher reduction potentials. In other words, a metal having smaller reduction potential can displace metals having larger reduction potentials from the solution of their salt.For example, copper lies above silver in the electrochemical series, therefore, if copper metal is added to AgNO3 solution, silver is displaced from the solution. In general a metal occupying higher position in the series can displace the metals lying below it from the solutions of their salts and so are more reactive in displacing the other metals. Thus, Li is the most electropositive element in solutions and fluorine is the most electronegative element. To predict the correct Metallurgical Methods :- Eo values of Cu,H2O and Al are +0.34V,-0.83V and -1.66V.It means Cu gets more easily reduced than water and water gets more easily reduced than aluminium.Hence copper can be produced by the electrolysis of aqueous copper sulphate but not aluminium.this is due to the fact that when Al3+(aq) is electrolysed,the H2O will be electrolysed but not Al3+(aq). For calculation of Equilibrium Constant :- Therefore measurement of E o enables the determination of the equilibrium constant for the electrode reaction.

Jane Eyre and Education in Nineteenth-century England Essay -- Jane Ey

Jane Eyre and Education in Nineteenth-century England Jane Eyre provides an accurate view of education in nineteenth-century England, as seen by an 1840s educator. The course of Jane's life in regard to her own education and her work in education are largely autobiographical, mirroring Charlotte Bronte's own life. Jane's time at Lowood corresponds to Charlotte's education at a school for daughters of the clergy, which she and her sisters Maria, Elizabeth and Emily left for in 1824. Jane went on to attend Miss Wooler's school at Roehead from 1831 to 1832, and returned to teach there for three years in 1935, just as Jane became a teacher at Lowood. Both Charlotte and Jane became governesses. The Lowood School is an accurate representation of a Charity School in the 1820s . The bad health conditions follow the conditions of the school the Brontes went to. The monitorial system of teaching it operates on coincides with the systems created by Joseph Lancaster and Andrew Bell. Lowood's system of a master teacher, under teachers, and monitors is consistent with Bell's complicated system. In addition, the brand of discipline implemented by Mr. Brocklehurst is much like that of Lancaster. Jane's horror at the harsh punishments at Lowood are meant to prompt similar reactions in the reader. Jane at first thinks she could not bear such punishment and is mortified when she must stand on a stool and is accused of being a liar. The disciplining of Jane was completely unfounded, the result of an accident. Most of the punishments at Lowood seem to be for minor and unavoidable infractions such as having dirty nails when the wash water was frozen. Jane sees these punishments as generally just being mean, and thinks that such mean people do ... ...ould receive work appropriate for his own age and ability. The passages which do show Jane at the school usually include praises of how well her students are doing and how the children of England are so much better than the children of the rest of the Europe. This belief also suggests that their education system is the best, including the newest form of schooling, the class school. While at first Lowood was an awful experience, Jane ended up getting a very good education, and went on to offer even better education to other children. Jane Eyre illustrates the evils one could face in the charity schools of the early nineteenth century and the development of that education system into a much better, more efficient system. Works Cited: Bronte, Charlotte. Jane Eyre. London, Penguin Books Ltd.: 1996. (Edited with an Introduction and Notes by Michael Mason).

Law Research Essay

â€Å"An agreement without consideration is void†. Do you agree? Justify your response on the basis on what you have learnt about this rule and its exceptions. Use suitable illustrations to substantiate your answer. A legally binding contract needs consideration as it is an important element. So, a valid contract will not exist without consideration. By promise someone sacrifices or gives something and other people take something. This kind of giving or taking and sacrificing is called consideration by law. If one party promises without any consideration that is a gift. Consideration is an essential element for the formation of a contract. It may consist of a promise to perform a desired act or a promise to refrain from doing an act that one is legally entitled to do. S2 (d) Contract Act 1950 defines consideration, when, at the desire of the promisor, the promisee or any other person has done or abstained from doing, or does or abstains from doing, or promises to do or to abstain from doing, something, such act or abstinence or promise is called a consideration for the promise. It can also be defined as a detriment suffered in exchange for a benefit received, each party must promise to give or do something for the other. Consideration must exist in every contracts and it must have monetary value. There have been a number of case law definitions of consideration, for example Currie v Misa (1875): â€Å"A valuable consideration in the sense of the law may consist either in some right, interest, profit or benefit accruing to one party, or some forbearance, detriment, loss or responsibility given, suffered or undertaken by the other.† S26 Contract Act 1950 states that, an agreement made without consideration is void, unless (a) it is in writing and registered; it is expressed in writing and registered under the law (if any) for the time being in force for the registration of such documents, and is made on account of natural love and affection between parties standing in a near relation to each other. Besides that, (b) or is a promise to compensate for something done; it is a promise to compensate, wholly or in part, a person who has already voluntarily done something for the promise, or something which the promisor was legally compellable to do. Also, (c) or is a promise to pay debt barred by limitation law; it is a promise, made in writing and signed by the person to be charged therewith, or by his agent generally or specially authorized in that behalf, to pay wholly or in part a debt of which the creditor might have enforced payment but for the law for the limitation of suits. An agreement is a contract in any there cases. Illustrations for S26 Contract Act 1950, (a) A promises, for no consideration, to give to B RM1, 000. This is a void agreement. (b) A, for natural love and affection, promises to give his son, B, RM1,000. A puts his promise to B into writing and registers it under a law for the time being in force for the registration of such documents, this is a contract. (c) A finds B’s purse and gives it to him. B promises to give A RM 50. This is a contract. (d) A supports B’s infant son. B promises to pay A’s expenses in so doing. This is a contract. (e) A owes B RM1, 000, but the debt is barred by limitation. A signs a written promise to pay B RM500 on account of the debt. This is a contract. (f) A agrees to sell a horse worth RM1, 000 for RM 10. A’s consent to the agreement was freely given. The agreement is a contract notwithstanding the inadequacy of the consideration. (g) A agrees to sell a horse worth RM1, 000 for RM 10. A denies that consent to the agreement was freely given. The inadequacy of the consideration is a fact which the court should take into account in considering whether or not A’s consent was freely given. In conclusion, I agree with the statement â€Å"an agreement without consideration is void†. If an agreement without consideration is valid, it is unfair to everyone who is protected by the law. Therefore, according to S26 Contract Act 1950, an agreement made without consideration is void, unless it is in writing and registered; or is a promise to compensate for something done; or is a promise to pay a debt barred by limitation law. Question 2 Khalid was interested in buying Siti’s painting which she had names â€Å"Hawa†. Khalid met Siti and told her that he will pay her RM5,000 for â€Å"Hawa†. Siti said she will think about it. 2 weeks later Siti told Khalid that she will sell him the painting for RM7,000. Khalid said that the price was too high and he did not want the painting. One week later, Khalid received bonus from his employer. He immediately contacted Siti and told her that he will pay the RM7,000 for â€Å"Hawa†. Siti refused to give Khalid the painting, saying the price had now gone up to RM10,000. Explain to Siti whether she is bound by any contract to sell the painting to Khalid for RM7,000? Make references to relevant case laws and legislation. Issue: Whether Siti is bound by any contract to sell the painting to Khalid for RM7,000? Identify and Application of Law: The Contract Act 1950 is the law governing the making of a contract. S2 (g) Contract Act 1950 states that an agreement not enforceable by law is said to be void and S2 (h) Contract Act 1950 states an agreement enforceable by law is a contract. Therefore, to determine whether there Siti is bound by any contract to sell the painting to Khalid for RM7,000? Firstly, S2 (b) Contract Act 1950, when the person to whom the proposal is made signifies his assent thereto, the proposal is said to be accepted: a proposal, when accepted, becomes a promise. S2 (c) Contract Act 1950, the person making the proposal is called the â€Å"promisor† and the person accepting the proposal is called the â€Å"promisee†. In this case here, Khalid can be said to be an offerer and if Siti accepted the offer, she would become the offeree. Khalid offered to Siti to pay her RM5,000 for buying the painting â€Å"Hawa†. Siti said she will think about it but she did not accept the offer. In S6 (c) Contract Act 1950, by failure of the acceptor to fulfill a condition precedent to acceptance; or counter offer, the proposal is revoked. Hyde v Wrench (1840), D made an offer to sell his house for 1000 pound. P purposely accepted at 950 pound but when D refused, P accepted the original offer of 1000 pound. Here, the counter offer terminated the original offer. There was nothing to accept. After two weeks, Siti made a counter offer to Khalid that she will sell him the painting â€Å"Hawa† for RM7,000. Then Khalid immediately said price was too high, he did not want the painting â€Å"Hawa†. Besides that, This counter offer also terminated the original offer which was Khalid offered Siti to buy the painting â€Å"Hawa† for RM5,000. So there was no any contract between Siti and Khalid. One week later, Khalid received bonus from his employer. He immediately contacted Siti and told her that he will pay RM7,000 for the painting â€Å"Hawa†. In here, Khalid made an offer to Siti again. However, Siti refused to give Khalid the painting for RM7,000. She told Khalid that the price of â€Å"Hawa† had now gone up to RM10,000. Siti did not accept Khalid’s offer and she inform Khalid that the price of â€Å"Hawa† had gone up to RM10,000. Therefore, there was no any contract between Siti and Khalid in this case. If Khalid really wanted to buy the painting â€Å"Hawa† for RM7,000, he should not refuse Siti immediately at the moment. He should just tell Siti that he would think about it. If he told Siti that he would think about it but not refused it, then there was a contract between Siti and Khalid. In conclusion, Siti is not bound by any contract to sell the painting â€Å"Hawa† to Khalid for RM7,000. S 3 Contract Act 1950 states the communication of proposals, the acceptance of proposals, and the revocation of proposals and acceptances, respectively, are deemed to be made by any act or omission of the party proposing, accepting, or revoking, by which he intends to communicate the proposal, acceptance, or revocation, or which has the effect of communication it. The general rule of S3 Contract Act 1950 is the acceptance must be communicated. In this case, when Siti made a counter offer to Khalid to sell the painting â€Å"Hawa† for RM7,000, Khalid did not accept the offer, but he refused it due to the price was too high. So the offer of selling the painting â€Å"Hawa† for RM7,000 was terminated, the offer was no longer exist. Therefore, Siti is not bound by any contract to sell the painting â€Å"Hawa† to Khalid for RM7,000. List of References The Lawyers & Jurists (2010) Insuffiency of consideration is immaterial, but an agreement without consideration is void- illustrate and explain. [online] Available at: http://www.lawyersnjurists.com/resource/articles-and-assignment/insuffiency-consideration-immaterial-agreement-consideration-void-%E2%80%93-illustrate-explain/ [Accessed: 25th Aug 2012]. Laws of Malaysia. (2009) Contract Act 1950. Kuala Lumpur: The Commissioner of Law Revision, Malaysia, p.12~13.

Thai Tuan Product Essays

Thai Tuan Product Essays Thai Tuan Product Essay Thai Tuan Product Essay Thai Tuan’s innovation – Foundation of textiles success In the 21st century, Vietnam has become one of the fastest developing countries in the world. It is renowned not only in travel, investment but also about the entrepreneurs. Back to the 1970s, Vietnam was a very poor country after the war with much of its economy destroyed by the Vietnam War. There was no export, no trade, no connection between Vietnam and the other countries. The entrepreneurs, therefore, were unable to develop their business even if they found it potential and profitable. However, in the mid-1980s, the Vietnam government implemented a new strategy called ‘Renovation’ in order to save the economy. Realizing the chance has come, the entrepreneurs started to build their business and seek for market to earn profit. One of the most potential products at that time was textile. Realizing the huge demand of textile, the entrepreneur Thai Tuan Chi established Thai Tuan Group Corporation in 1993 in order to produce and supply textile products to the markets across the country. In 2010, after 17 years, Thai Tuan Group Corporation has become one of the most successful companies in Vietnam. This report will demonstrate the manner of Thai Tuan Corporation that helps leading the company to success. Thai Tuan Chi original was a child of the oriental medicine doctor – a generous father of 11 children. Living within the poverty, he understands the difficulties, agony put on the poor’s shoulder. Thus, the will of ending poverty grew within his mind. At the age of 14, he started to work on many jobs from selling soda, soya-sauce to sandal, blanket to earn money. 8, he began to trade many kinds of goods to get money as much as possible. In fact, everything just started to change significantly when he got to the age of 25, he has turned from selling goods to focus on doing only one business with long-term plan and extreme care. That venture was about textile, and he was the pioneer of the textile and garment industry. As a result, in 1993, Thai Tuan Grou p Corporation was founded. At the beginning, its purpose was to produce and supply textile and garment products to the market. Consumers at that time were only women at the age of 22 to 42. In the 2000s, realize the potential of new technology; the company has bought the advanced technology and new machines from Japan and the EU to improve its products. It also started to implement the ISO 9000, ISO 14000, SA 8000, and the 5S international quality control systems. The company started to manufacture not only silk but also jacquard, and plain from polyester, spandex and visco, etc. Its consumers are now varying from women to students while its markets have expanded from supplying across the country to exporting the products to the international markets. In 2010, its products have been chosen to be the Vietnam’s highest quality product. At the same time, it is honor to be the main supplier for the Ministers of ASEAN countries. The success of Thai Tuan Group Corporation is based on two types of innovation: extension and duplication. An innovation that creates successful venture is considered to be the extension and duplication type when the venture are about copying innovatively something already exists, finding new applications for it, improving it and spreading it to everywhere. Thai Tuan Chi has done the same thing though he did not invent any new application for textile products. In fact, textile products were nothing new at that time, but the idea of manufacturing, improving and commercializing it into the world market has never been done by anyone before him. Back to the 20th century, textile products were produced and traded between merchants and the people who produce, embroider it at home. The products, then, were shipped to the market to sell for the customers. There was no such thing as textile industry exists at that time. Realizing the huge potential of textile products, Thai Tuan Chi has established Thai Tuan Group Corporation to manufacture and distribute the high quality textile and garment products. He started to conduct researching on the market and at the end successfully established the product supplying system across the country. According to brand. hoo. vn, Thai Tuan Group Corporation now owns three branches, eight showrooms, over 300 agents and more than 3500 distributors across the country. Thai Tuan Chi also focuses on improving and diversifying the products in order to compete with other national and international textile companies. Thus, he has bought and implemented the advanced technologies from Japan and EU. According to thaituanfashion. com, Thai Tuan Group Corporation now is able to manufacture and supply jacquard, plain from polyester, spandex and visco to varying consumers, mainly women and students. By implementing ISO 9000, ISO 14000, SA 8000, and the 5S international quality control systems, the company’s market finally has reached beyond the ocean. Their products are renowned in Australia, popular in America and are the first Vietnamese textile products enter the Middle East. Thai Tuan Chi’s way of developing business is similar to the manner of the McDonald brothers when they first manifested their fast food to the world. They also tried to improve the products quality and spread it to many places. Similar to McDonald, Thai Tuan has brought the textile and garment products from the small business on the street, from the tiny, unknown village to the huge venture of manufacturing and supplying it across the country and to all over the world. Based on what have been presented, it is crystal clear that the innovation which helps creating the successful venture for Thai Tuan Corporation belongs to both extension and duplication type. There are two sources that Thai Tuan’s innovation comes from: Incongruities and Process needs. Incongruities basically is the term that defines the difference or lack of consistency between what is expected to happen and what is really happen. Process needs is simply the term that defines the process of providing or supplying the need, the demand of the market. However, those demands are not easily recognized. According to thaituanfashion. com, He chose the fabric because ‘I realized it†¦ was light and profitable. That’s all, very simple. ’. However, the truth is not that simple. In fact, he not only realized the massive demand of the market in fabric but also recognized the huge need of the high quality fabric as well as textile products. He also predicted that the day when fabric, textile products come to manufacturing and commercializing across the country as well as beyond the ocean would come, and he was right. Follow the finest strategy, he brought textile products into business, seeking for new technologies to improve the product quality as well as to produce more diverse products. He understand that in order to achieve a successful venture, the products produced have to be diverse, creative and different from the opponents. As a result, the Product development and research center has been established to develop products. According to Thai Tuan website, after almost two decades, his company has now become ‘one of the leading Vietnamese textile product and fashion services supplying enterprises’ with 100 products and nearly 2000 patterns released every year. In the international market, his manner of developing and maintaining the venture is to avoid competing directly to the big corporation in the international market but to find the own way to go. He states that there are always the spaces in both inland and oversea market. Once these demands are found, it is only the matter of time to find the appropriate strategy to earn profit from the new market. Roughly speaking, Incongruities and Process needs are two main resources of innovation that distributed to the success of Thai Tuan Group Corporation. In conclusion, the perfect combination between a long-term plan, an appropriate strategy and the innovation of developing business has brought success to the Thai Tuan Group Corporation. Among these elements, Innovation is considered to be the most important because the fate of a business is based on the way innovation is found and developed. Thai Tuan Chi’s case is a very good example of choosing and developing the right innovation. He has chosen to brought textile and garment into industry and turned it into a very profitable business – thing that nobody has done before, he has found and driven his venture directly to the right direction – avoiding competing directly with the big Corporations and try to find the spaces of the market that no one has entered. He has tried to improve and diversify the products to manifest his business and make it different from other opponents, and he has tried to deliver his products to everywhere, from the North to the South, from the East to the West. Roughly speaking, it is crystal clear that Innovation is very important as a foundation of every business. However, different types of innovation go along with different sources would result in different outcomes. Therefore, Innovation needs to be found and chosen appropriately before starting the venture.

Formal Paper Ap Government Essays

Formal Paper Ap Government Essays Formal Paper Ap Government Essay Formal Paper Ap Government Essay Interest groups are groups of people that work together on the behalf of a particular belief or topic. They have had an increasingly large impact on American politics. One interest group that is currently experiencing a lot of power is the National Organization of Women, also known as NOW. They fight very strongly for the rights of all women no matter her background or ethnicity. The National Organization of Women was founded in 1966 by 28 men and women including Betty Friedan, Pauli Murray, and Shirley Chisholm. The statement of purpose that they came up with to define what they are fighting for states â€Å"The purpose of NOW is to take action to bring women into full participation in the mainstream of American society now, exercising all privileges and responsibilities thereof in truly equal partnership with men. † Their membership holds 500,000 members that are scattered across the country. There are 5,987 chapters in 47 states, not including Hawaii, North Dakota, and Maine, and in Washington D. C. In order to become a member, one simply goes on the website and fills out an application then makes a donation. NOW gets their money from two main sources; fundraisers and donations from members. In order to achieve their agenda items, the organizers of NOW take the time to call each of their members to keep them up to date on the current issues as well as try to persuade them who to vote for in upcoming elections. Currently, NOW members are pushing for the support of the Fair Elections Now Act. : Their website reads, â€Å"Save Our Democracy Support the Fair Elections Now Act† and goes n to explain the purpose of the act and why women should vote for it. They use very strong language as well as a play on emotions in their articles because they know that the vast majority of their supporters are women that can be greatly affected through the way that NOW states its issues. A major issue that NOW is currently facing is abortion rights and reproduction problems. The members fully support access to sage and legal abortion. They also believe that birth control, emergency contraception, reproductive health services, and education should be available to all women. They oppose all attempts to make these things unavailable or illegal. The speakers of NOW affirm that reproductive rights are issues of life and death, not mere matters of choice. They believe that women are fully capable of making decisions about their own bodies and sexuality free from government interference. Violence against women is another issue that NOW feels very strongly about. They believe that all efforts to â€Å"keep women in their place† including domestic violence, sexual assault, sexual harassment, violence at abortion clinics, hate crimes across lines of gender, sexuality or race, the gender bias in our judicial system, and the violence of poverty emphasized by the radical right’s attacks on poor women and children, are wrong and should be stopped. These things not only effect the woman that was acted against, but also the women surrounding her as they see what might happen to them out in the world. Even though NOW realizes that there are other crimes of violence being committed against other groups, they feel that fighting violence against women would affect the most people country wide. NOW also fights for racial and ethnic diversity. They claim to being committed to diversifying their movement and continuing to fight for equal opportunities for women of color in all areas. They strongly disapprove of racism and discrimination. Another issue that NOW has committed to fighting is lesbian rights. They oppose all discrimination based on sexual orientation or gender in all areas including employment, housing, public accommodations, health services, child custody, and military policies. They promote positive images in the media and education on the effects of homophobia. NOW wants the rights of equal marriage to apply to all. Currently, NOW has a campaign going on called Love Your Body. It is a women’s health project that provides information on different things that could affect a woman’s life like drugs and alcohol, being overweight, acne, HIV/AIDS, and eating disorders. This campaign provides statistics, definitions, problems, and even ways to cope with such issues. It is trying to show women that its okay to not look like models on TV and in magazines and to get them comfortable being who they really are. It also tries to instill confidence in the everyday woman. They think that more confident women will be more likely to get up and vote and stand up for what they believe in. : www. nowfoundation. org www. now. org

German Economy essays

German Economy essays Germany has mostly small farms. They are about 20-25 acres big. These farmers grow about 75% of the food the Germans need. The farmers grow wheat, oats, vegetables, sugar beets, apples, and grapes for wine. Farmers also raise beef and dairy cows, pigs, horse, sheep and chickens. Usually farmers have other jobs and farming is done on the side. Fishing is a big industry for the northern part of the country. The fisherman catch a lot of cod and herring. Germany's most important exports are cars (like Mercedes Benz and Volkswagen cars), machine and machine tools, chemicals, agricultural products and fuels. Major imports that Germany needs are food, manufactured items and fuel. Germany does over half of its trade with other European Nations and some with other countries around the world. Natural resources of Germany are potash and rock salt, which it has a lot of. Other resources are coal, lignite (which is a low quality of coal), copper, lead, timber, uranium and natural gas. Germany has arable land (about 33%) and forests are about 31% of the country. The rest are rivers, lakes, mountains, etc. Germany is a big country for manufacturing goods. Manufactured products of Germany that are made of steel are cars and trucks (third in the world, behind Japan and the U.S.), machinery (farming and industrial equipment) and ships. Germany also makes cement, clothing (I have a pair of German shoes), medical drugs, plastic, cameras, computers, toys and paper to name a few. The money in Germany is similar to ours. Our penny is 1 cent and for them it is called a pfennige. 100 pfennige equal 1 Deutsche mark. Also 100 pfennige equal a Euro. The Euro is a new currency that all of Europe is trying to make as the main money so that each country doesn't have to have its own currency. ...

Vulnerable Population in the Workplace Project Essay - 1

Vulnerable Population in the Workplace Project - Essay Example 2009). The disadvantages are driven by the social conditions, which a person works, live, play, and learn. This paper provides an overview of the health disparity in work place among the elderly. In the United States, health care disparity manifests itself in a number of ways both major and multiple. In one side, the health disparity is evident articles, which address life expectancy; the shortest and the longest living. On the second side, is the economic burden, in which a joint research by the Joint Centre for Political and Economic Studies, observed that cost of health care provision contributes to premature death. The aforementioned disparities lean on social and economic factors; where one lives, work, grow, and age. Primarily, social determinants such as access to care, poverty, and low socioeconomic status influence health provision in the society (RCEZEC 2009). It is arguable that the disparities in health provision influence health outcome. The health care disparity influen ces the lives of the underprivileged in the society more than the other groups. Health documents categorize the following groups under the underprivileged the disabled, the elderly, low income among others. The society seems to be judging the aforementioned categories before providing them with this vital service. Some critics have observed that the elderly in home health care have been subject to disparity. In a bid to establish the barriers to health care disparity, a study in a home health care for the elderly was paramount. The documentations about barriers to health care have indicated the following. The main barrier that hampers provision of health care among the elderly is the language barrier. Communication is essential tool in discharging healthcare services because of a number of reasons. Firstly, communication enables the healthcare practitioners to establish the right medication for the patients (HHS, 2010). Secondly, communications enables effective services to the pati ents. The second barrier documented to health care provision is the low income. Elderly, persons living in homes for the elderly have to meet the bills for the services they acquire in these facilities. In addition, meeting the expenses would depend on the income level of the individual. Coincidentally, many old people from the low-income families do not demonstrate the ability to meet their own bills because of limited savings. The above barriers have influenced provision of health care in the elderly home. The historic disparities, socially or economically has shaped the elderly that the project has targeted. Most Hispanic elderly, speakers have limited knowledge in English language. This has been a challenge in promoting health care provision in homes that host this group. The language problem has historical root, emanating from the cultural preferences, poverty, and political inclinations that shaped the lives of people in the past. Presently, attending to their social challenge s involves, understanding their culture, social status and bridging between modernity and the ancient tradition. Action Plan to Combat the Barriers Since language barrier influence the provision of health care among the elderly in the elderly homes, this project has established that it can work with bilingual nurses or healthcare professionals. This plan intends to give attention to health disparity cases of elderly persons that fail to communicate their problems effectively to the medical practitioners. The Hispanic

Business to Business marketing and supply chain management Essay

Business to Business marketing and supply chain management - Essay Example A supply chain is an inter network for facilities and distribution solutions that does the functions for procuring the materials, transforming these raw materials into usable intermediate and finished goods, and finally distributing these finished goods to the customers (Hugos, 2006, p.3). It consists of all the stages that are related in completing a customer request. The goal of SCM should be to link the marketplace, the distribution network, the manufacturing process and the procurement (or purchasing) activity in such a way that customers are serviced at higher levels and yet at a lower cost (Business-to-business marketing and supply chain management, 2008, p.4). Business-to-business (B2B) describes the commercial transactions between businesses that can be between manufacturers and wholesalers or in between wholesalers and retailers. Relation between SCM and B2B For any supply chain management to sustain in a B2B environment, the focus must lie on providing the customers with th e best in quality of services. The B2B customers usually have very particular demands (Withey & lancaster, 2012, p.258), and the best solution in these situations is to have a consumer friendly supply network chain which would operate in a real-time, would be data driven and would be able to supply the products on demand. The key features of B2B marketing such as placing demands, the buying process need to be incorporated in the SCM of a company to boost sales (Business marketing and supply chain management, 2008, p.19). Relationship marketing in B2B communications Effective business to business (B2B) relationships in the context of supply chain management are mostly important for the organizations to strengthen their ability in order to be more competitive and leader in the marketplace (Clement, 2009, p.3). There has to be certain limitations between the supplier and the purchaser so as to maintain a healthy relationship. The relationships also need to focus on the pricing issues t hat are determined by the market forces. Apart from this, there must be continuous initiatives to strengthen the partnerships in the B2B marketing scenarios. Aim of the paper The paper is based on a case study what will try to highlight the importance of relationship management in SCM and in a B2B marketing. It will be based on the conditions of the chemical industry as presented in the case study and draw insights from it regarding the issues of supply chain management, B2B marketing, key account management and how they are related with each other. The case study – Chemco and the chemical industry Chemco is a company operating at the global level in the chemical sector. Its products include chemical additives designed to enhance a base chemical’s properties. These products are used by blenders/manufacturers to create branded products for the global market, including the oil and petroleum sectors. Chemco was once regarded as the highest owner in market share and the te chnical leader. This had been achieved through their investment in R&D and a widespread geographical coverage of the local agents by offering close customer liaison. Towards the end of the decade, the condition in the chemical industry was deteriorating because of which the demand was cut down. This forced the manufacturers to cut down on their costs. Chemco's

SOCIAL MEDIA CAMPAIGN Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

SOCIAL MEDIA CAMPAIGN - Essay Example Before creating an effective campaign, you need to understand people or the customers that you are trying to reach. This Understanding needs to go beyond the common demographic information, and that is in terms of education age and gender. For instance, by implementing thoughtful an effective social media campaign, try to adopt the latest media site so as to reach a lot of people. Always the desire to promote a one on one talk should be there (creative, retrieved on March 3, 2015). Social media is all about engaging and participating, monitoring and listening and then pushing forward to achieve your goal. Having a plan, the next thing is to create the content. Social media competition is all about the content of the product or service given. Great content is achieved through understanding your space on the social media and uncovering trends. Finally, be clear in order to offer a fresh perspective too. This will promote the business and intern raise your ranking on the site. With the content at hand, there will be a need to determine where the content will be on the site. Position of the content on the site helps customer know where to find what they need. URL, title tag, the writers of content are just but the example of what customer will find there. With the three steps above; you will need to spread or have an advertisement of it. Creating optimal is achieved by making sure that the information is shared quickly with a click of a button. A repacked message being at the fingertips, it will be easy for someone to share the information with a friend but only if the information is relevant, interesting and exciting. It is time for the content you have to get the promotion in this section. The main goal here is to build links that will promote directly the new content rather than linking directly to the sites homepage. It can be achieved by announcing the content on the social sites and promoting the it via social media and finally posting a

Written response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Written response - Essay Example The author relates this to the natural instinct of caring that man and women develop in terms of provision of basic needs. According to Noddings females have a high instinct of caring especially in the way they take care of their children (Noddings N. , 1989). In addition to this, men also develop some sense of caring by the fact that they are the breadwinners in their families. Noddings is keen to assure us that caring involves two parties. The party that gives the care and the party that receives the care. According to Noddings caring will only be relevant if the party given the care accepts the care and provides a positive feedback. On the contrary I believe that someone can show care and be neglected. This does not mean that the care provided is unethical. However, I cannot rule out the fact that some people show caring that are unethical due to the type of relationship established. For this reason I chose to agree with Noddings that ethical moments falls on how we respond to the intuition on what is right and what is wrong. This means that our interpretation of what is right and wrong determines whether the care we give or receive is ethical. The author further clarifies that there is a difference between caring for and caring about. She suggests that caring about is more general than caring for and therefore needs more attention. Moreover, the author argues that caring about plays the major role of establishing our sense of justice. The author affirms this by saying this, â€Å"Those who care about others in the justice sense must keep in mind that the objective is to ensure that caring actually occurs. Caring-about is empty if it does not culminate in caring relations† (Noddings, 1984). Noddings believe that our sense of morality creates the difference in which we pay attention to human beings and animals. The close proximity that one enjoys with his friend and animal determines how we care about each other. Noddings believe that

Symbolism In the short story Repent Harlquin Said the Ticktockman Essay

Symbolism In the short story Repent Harlquin Said the Ticktockman - Essay Example The symbols discussed in this essay are in consideration to Ellison’ story and three other sources. In a society where everyone is a conformist to the set rules and codes of conduct, Ellison’s first symbol is the protagonist, the Harlequin. The Harlequin is a defiant character who refuses to conform to the rules and regulations of the society. According to Bresin (2006, p.1) the Harlequin is a symbol of individualism against a backdrop of bureaucracy and totalitarian rule. The Harlequin is an allegory of disobedience and dissent in a utopian society, who incites the citizen against the regime. As White (pp. 1) writes that the Harlequin symbolizes the efforts of a few people in the society trying to save fellow men from historical equilibrium. The aim of such men is not to dislodge the state from power rather; it is to urge the people to act freely and let their conscience rule over their actions. In this regard, therefore, White (ibid) sees the Harlequin as a symbol of morality, when he chooses to follow his conscience and rebel against oppression. In a society controlled by the ticking of the clock, the Harlequin has no regard for punctuality, a fact well known by state apparatus. As Bresin (pp.1) illustrates, the Harlequin is a threat to the culture of the Ticktockman society. ... Rather, the citizens should come out and enjoy the sunshine and life in general. While the people are busy listening to his defiance of the Ticktockman and watching his antics, a lot of time is lost. In an effort to curtail the activities of the Harlequin, the Ticktockman orders all the at the construction site to stop their work and hunt down the Harlequin. The construction workers waste a lot of time looking for the harlequin, time that would have been used to build the economy of this authoritarian society. This is an achievement for the Harlequin who has managed to make people shift away from the ideals of the society, even if it is to hunt him down. In addition to his antics, the Harlequin has a dress code distinct from everyone else’s in the society. He dresses in colorful costumes, themselves a symbol of forgotten times when society was not so grey and mechanized. He uses these costumes to attract the attention of the law-abiding citizens, causing them to listen to him and fail to carry out their duties. Obviously, the Harlequin’s actions and costumes do not amuse many of the conformists, such as Alice, Everett’s (the Harlequin’s real name) lover. Alice is displeased with Everett’s actions, when she asks him why he is always outdoors at night â€Å"in the ghastly clown suit, running around annoying people† (Ellison, pp.220). The Ticktockman, the antagonist, is an image of civil suppression in a tyrannical society. It is hard to tell whether the Ticktockman is a real man or a robot since he is always wearing a mask Bryant (pp.163). At the end of the story, however, the Ticktockman appears to be more of a robot than a human being as he breaks down into a

Sales Planning and Operations Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Sales Planning and Operations - Assignment Example Development of sales strategies in line with corporate objectives These strategies should also take into consideration the need of the sales team to be knowledgeable about how their products or services can satisfactorily solve the customer needs. This reduces time wasting, as the sales team is able to target the right customers, communicate to them the correct message at the right time. In developing of a competitive sale strategy doing an extensive research about your competitors is a prerequisite thing that should be done early in the planning stage. This enables the sales management team to do a strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats matrix for each major competitor leading to a focused and consistent competitive sales strategy (Care & Bohlig, 2008, p220). Then the over all sales strategy will involve planning of the long-term sales goals, analyzing the business sales cycle, and meeting with the sales team about the sales drive and their personal career goals (Reid & Bojanic 2009). After developing the long-term sales strategy, the sale s management team should then develop monthly and weekly sales strategies that support the long- term sales strategy and facilitate evaluation of the short-term performance of the sales people. Importance of recruitment and selection procedures Sales people are crucial pillar in creating and implementing any sales strategy thus their recruitment and selection should be done in a manner that will lead to the right people who can accomplish their sales responsibilities effectively.. Studies have revealed that without proper recruitment and selection of sales personnel, an organization may experience the following problems. First, inadequate sales coverage and lack of customer follow-up; secondly, increased training costs to overcome deficiencies; thirdly, more supervisory problems; more so, higher turnover rates; additionally, difficulty in establishing lasting client relationships; and lastly, suboptimal total sales force performance (Ingram, Laforge & Avila, 2008, p132). Therefore, recruitment and selection should be well executed so that competent and high performing sales personnel are hired. Effective recruitment and selection procedures can be achieved mainly through a process that is fair, considers diversity, meets the company needs and has

Written response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Written response - Essay Example The author relates this to the natural instinct of caring that man and women develop in terms of provision of basic needs. According to Noddings females have a high instinct of caring especially in the way they take care of their children (Noddings N. , 1989). In addition to this, men also develop some sense of caring by the fact that they are the breadwinners in their families. Noddings is keen to assure us that caring involves two parties. The party that gives the care and the party that receives the care. According to Noddings caring will only be relevant if the party given the care accepts the care and provides a positive feedback. On the contrary I believe that someone can show care and be neglected. This does not mean that the care provided is unethical. However, I cannot rule out the fact that some people show caring that are unethical due to the type of relationship established. For this reason I chose to agree with Noddings that ethical moments falls on how we respond to the intuition on what is right and what is wrong. This means that our interpretation of what is right and wrong determines whether the care we give or receive is ethical. The author further clarifies that there is a difference between caring for and caring about. She suggests that caring about is more general than caring for and therefore needs more attention. Moreover, the author argues that caring about plays the major role of establishing our sense of justice. The author affirms this by saying this, â€Å"Those who care about others in the justice sense must keep in mind that the objective is to ensure that caring actually occurs. Caring-about is empty if it does not culminate in caring relations† (Noddings, 1984). Noddings believe that our sense of morality creates the difference in which we pay attention to human beings and animals. The close proximity that one enjoys with his friend and animal determines how we care about each other. Noddings believe that

Sales Planning and Operations Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Sales Planning and Operations - Assignment Example Development of sales strategies in line with corporate objectives These strategies should also take into consideration the need of the sales team to be knowledgeable about how their products or services can satisfactorily solve the customer needs. This reduces time wasting, as the sales team is able to target the right customers, communicate to them the correct message at the right time. In developing of a competitive sale strategy doing an extensive research about your competitors is a prerequisite thing that should be done early in the planning stage. This enables the sales management team to do a strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats matrix for each major competitor leading to a focused and consistent competitive sales strategy (Care & Bohlig, 2008, p220). Then the over all sales strategy will involve planning of the long-term sales goals, analyzing the business sales cycle, and meeting with the sales team about the sales drive and their personal career goals (Reid & Bojanic 2009). After developing the long-term sales strategy, the sale s management team should then develop monthly and weekly sales strategies that support the long- term sales strategy and facilitate evaluation of the short-term performance of the sales people. Importance of recruitment and selection procedures Sales people are crucial pillar in creating and implementing any sales strategy thus their recruitment and selection should be done in a manner that will lead to the right people who can accomplish their sales responsibilities effectively.. Studies have revealed that without proper recruitment and selection of sales personnel, an organization may experience the following problems. First, inadequate sales coverage and lack of customer follow-up; secondly, increased training costs to overcome deficiencies; thirdly, more supervisory problems; more so, higher turnover rates; additionally, difficulty in establishing lasting client relationships; and lastly, suboptimal total sales force performance (Ingram, Laforge & Avila, 2008, p132). Therefore, recruitment and selection should be well executed so that competent and high performing sales personnel are hired. Effective recruitment and selection procedures can be achieved mainly through a process that is fair, considers diversity, meets the company needs and has

Strategic Plan Part I - Organizational Structure Essay Example for Free

Strategic Plan Part I Organizational Structure Essay The context around which a company is organized, the keystones that keep a business functioning is it structure. Organizational structure is what tells participants how an organization is placed together. More importantly, it is how an organization works. The structure of an organization is how leaders are chosen, decisions are made and how participants are recognized. Health care organizations will develop long and short term growth through the evaluation of future financial and operational goals (strategic planning). The process of strategic planning is essential when implementing order or change in an otherwise unpredictable environment. The Organization For this multi-week assignment, the Augusta Care Pregnancy Center will be used to evaluate the different components of the strategic planning process. An organization will develop a vision, mission and values for strategic direction. An organization’s vision is where it wants to be if the mission is successful and conveyed appropriately. The mission is an organizations reason for existence. The mission according to Hunger Wheelen (2011) promotes a sense of shared expectations in employees and communicates a public image to important stakeholder groups in the companys task environment (p. 6). The values of an organization should encompass its core competencies. Value can drive the intent of organizational planners. According to Harris (2007), Guiding principles serve as a platform to nurture desired behaviors in the organization (p. 102). The mission, vision and values are guiding principles the managers and employees will not compromise while they are in the process of achiev ing the mission and pursuing the vision and strategic goals Mission and Vision The Augusta Care Pregnancy Center (ACPC), a non-profit organization, was created to share the good news of Jesus Christ with all they come in contact  with. The vision of ACPC is to â€Å"strive to raise a standard showing Gods concern for mothers and their unborn babies† (Augusta Care Pregnancy Center (ACPC), 2015, About Us). Key Values The organizations key values are to view each person, from the unborn to the aged, as created in the image of God. In addition, to offer a variety of services to women who are facing the challenges of an unplanned pregnancy, those who desire conformation of a wanted pregnancy and to offer temporary financial support. Strategic Planning Model of chosen Organization In most organizations, there is no perfect strategic planning model or process to adhere to in the same manner all the time. Every organization should customize the best approach to suit the purpose of planning, the culture of its associates and internal and external opportunities. Fundamentally, an organization will consider three types of strategy: business, functional and corporate.Business Strategy With the business strategy importance on improvement of the competitive position of a corporation products or services in a specific industry or market segment are served by the business unit. Business strategies are composed of competitive and cooperative strategies (Hunger Wheelen, 2011, p. 7). Functional Strategy This approach is used in marketing or research and development, to attain company objectives and strategies through maximizing resource efficiency. The functional strategy model is more concerned with developing and nurturing an organizations competitive advantage. Corporate Strategy Hunger Wheelen (2011) â€Å"a company’s overall direction in terms of its general attitude toward growth and the management of its various businesses and product lines† describes corporate strategy (p. 7). Corporate strategy is made up of directional and parenting strategy as well as portfolio analysis. The strategy employed by ACPC cannot be determined at this time. Since this organization is an extension of Health Allied Services, nec, further research must be taken to properly identify the strategy being  implemented by ACPC. ACPC organization primarily operates in the Health and Allied Services, nec business / industry within the Health Services sector. This organization has been operating for approximately 7 years. Augusta Care Pregnancy Center is estimated to generate $340,000 in annual revenues, and employs approximately 8 people at this single location (Buzzfile Media, 2015, Business description). Theoretical Framework A system can be defined as a perceived whole whose elements hung together because they continually affect each other over time and operate toward a common purpose (Swayne, Duncan Ginter, 2008, p. 23). Systems theory can have a significant effect on management science and understanding organizations. The complex, embedded and dynamic nature of modern organizations requires a systemic approach to strategic management. There are two main contributions to a systems approach in strategic management (1) To impart guidance on which strategic planning approaches to use when and also on how to view them as a complementary set that is capable of being used in a flexible way to address all aspects of the strategic managerial task and (2) to provide a range of methodologies that can be put in service of the strategic planning process (Gregory, n. d., p. 9). The effect of systems theory in management is it helps managers to look at the organization from a broader perspective The Role of ACPC Organization’s Mission, Vision, and Values in Relationship to Strategic Plan ACPC is a Christian ministry was created for sharing the good news about Jesus Christ. Their focus is to ensure women make good decisions in their everyday lives on topics like pregnancy, avoiding abuse, sexual abuse and etcetera. The first goal of ACPC is to share the news of Jesus Christ. Secondly to guide or direct the women seeking their services in the righteous path of Jesus Christ and what he has promised like the sanctity of marriage or healthy relationships. ACPC also focus on providing mothers of unplanned pregnancy resources available to them. The Current Key Leaders of ACPC Currently the ACPC has only 8 employees in the Augusta, GA location. The contact person overseeing operations is Susan Swanson (Director). ACPC is one of numerous companies employed under the Health and allied services, nec category. Change Management Model ACPC Use From the information gathered on ACPC, I could not foresee any change management models used by this facility. I have requested an interview with Susan Swanson to further develop this topic. The interview is scheduled for the following week. The Governing Board Involvement in Implementing Strategic Goals To determine the involvement of the governing board for ACPC further investigation is needed into Health and Allied Services, nec business and industry. The Organization’s Major Service Delivery and Support Activities in its Value Chain The ACPC looks to offer a variety of services to women. Usually, these women are facing the challenge of an unplanned pregnancy, those who desire conformation of a wanted pregnancy and to offer temporary financial support. In addition to these services, ACPC offers Bible study classes, healthy relationship classes, parenting classes, post abortion support groups, and host of other support classes. References Augusta Care Pregnancy Center. (2015). About us. Retrieved from http://www.augustacpc.org Buzzfile Media. (2015). Augusta Care Pregnancy Center. Retrieved from http://www.buzzfile.com Gregory, A. J. (n. d.). A systems approach to strategic management. Retrieved from http://journals.isss.org Harris, P. (2007). We the people: The importance of employees in the process of building the customer experience. The Journal of Brand Management, 15(2), p. 102-114. Hunger, J. D., Wheelen, T. L. (2011). Essentials of strategic management (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education. Swayne, L. E., Duncan, W. J., Ginter, P. M. (2008). Strategic management of health care organizations (6th ed.). Hobkin, NJ: Wiley.

Pay Roll System Project Proposal Computer Science Essay

Pay Roll System Project Proposal Computer Science Essay Visual Basic was one of the first languages along with Paradox and Dbase designed to take advantage of GUI interfaces with visual programming in mind. We can build the menus, forms and reports of a program by visual drag and drop operations. Then complete the coding by filling in the skeleton programs developed during prototyping of the programs interface. Coding VB pioneered the use of standard 3rd party components such as VBX and now ActiveX. 6 8.2 Java 6 1 TITLE Payroll system 2 CUSTOMER SMITH News Agent, Watford. 3 BACKGROUND/OVERVIEW In Smith news agent, they are doing paper work calculation for employees monthly salary. And they are maintaining all employees details and salary details in paper works. They have to keep all details for long time for shop purpose. It takes long time to do all employees salary calculation. To solve the entire problem I decide to develop a system for payroll. All data are going to store in a database and all calculation is going to calculate by system. 4 MAIN FUNCTIONS OF THE SYSTEM In the system, Manager or Assistant Manager can login as an administrator. They can add employee details like First Name, Last Name, Address, Phone No, NI number, Bank Details, Tax Code, etc. For salary calculation they can enter employees working hours for that month. If they want they can add bonus also. Automatically the system will calculate the salary and it will generate the reports. Administrator can view and print the reports and details and if they want they can delete the employees details. 5 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM In Tax Code, there are two type of Tax Code in using. Those are: 5.1 Tax Codes end with a letter This Tax Code is made up of several numbers and a letter. This type of Tax Code is called Suffix codes. For example: 647L, 375K, etc (paypershop, nd). 5.2 Other Tax Codes This Tax Code has two letters. There is no Number or is the letter D followed by a Zero For example: BR, D0, and NT (direct, nd). In payment type, they are paying regular hours, bank holiday hours and holiday hours. They are not paying for sick hours. 6 SOLUTIONS FOR PROBLEM STATEMENT For Tax Code problem, I am going to use second type of Tax Code method (Other Tax Codes). For payment type problem, I am going to add a column called Pay Type. When they enter working hours they can select what type of working hours. For example: REG Regular BH Bank Holiday SICK Sickness Hours 7 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES 7.1 AIMS The main aim of the project is to develop a system to store employees all details and working hours. The system has to calculate the payment and tax. The system also generates the reports. 7.2 OBJECTIVES To understand the current system I went to Smith news agent (my customer) store and met the manager. I collected the details about how they are doing current salary calculation and how they are keeping are records. It is unstructured interviews. To study a similar system I went to Dowson house hotel and met the manager. I got some details about how their current system working, how they are calculating the payment and tax and how they are storing their employees detail. To study about Unified Modelling Language(UML) It is help to create the logical design of the System. For e.g. Activity diagram, Use case diagram, Class diagram. To study about programming languages Java, Visual Basic.Net To study database applications Oracle, Mysql Design the system Testing and implementation Test the system and make sure it works according to the customers requirements, which includes verification and validation. Install the developed system in store. And train the manager and assistant manager. Get feedback from the manager and assistant manager. Make any change if they want changes or new features. 8 Literature review 8.1 Visual Basic.Net Visual Basic was one of the first languages along with Paradox and Dbase designed to take advantage of GUI interfaces with visual programming in mind. We can build the menus, forms and reports of a program by visual drag and drop operations. Then complete the coding by filling in the skeleton programs developed during prototyping of the programs interface. Coding VB pioneered the use of standard 3rd party components such as VBX and now ActiveX. Now, VB.NET has many new and improved language features. The .NET framework comes with ADO.NET, which follows the disconnected paradigm, i.e. once the required records are fetched the connection no longer exists. Error handling has changed in VB.NET. A new Try-Catch-Finally block has been introduced to handle errors and exceptions as a unit, allowing appropriate action to be taken at the place the error occurred thus discouraging the use of ON ERROR GOTO statement. Security has become more robust in VB.NET. In addition to the role-based security in VB6, VB.NET comes with a new security model, Code Access security (David, Chittibabu 2004). 8.2 Java Java was designed to be easy to use. Therefore it is easy to write, compile, debug, and learn than other programming languages. Java is object-oriented because programming in Java is cantered on creating objects, manipulating objects, and making objects work together. This allows you to create modular programs and reusable code. One of the most significant advantages of Java is its ability to move easily from one computer system to another. The ability to run the same program on many different systems is crucial to World Wide Web software, and Java succeeds at this by being platform-independent at both the source and binary levels. Java is one of the first programming languages to consider security as part of its design. The Java language, compiler, interpreter, and runtime environment were each developed with security in mind. In Java, multithreaded programming has been smoothly integrated into it, while in other languages, operating system-specific procedures have to be called in order to enable multithreading. Multithreading is a necessity in visual and network programming (Herbert 2007). 8.3 My Front End GUI After a lot of research I was decided to use VB.Net for my front end GUI. There are some good features in VB.Net. For example, we can build the menus, forms and reports of a program by visual drag and drop operations. Then we have to complete the coding. Like these there are lot of features. Why I did not chose the java? There are lot drawbacks. Java language programs runs on a virtual machine. Therefore it runs slowly and it takes more memory-consuming. In java, No separation of specification from implementation and No preconditions and post conditions. And Exceptions not caught within a method must be declared as thrown by that method. The default look and feel of GUI applications written in Java using the Swing toolkit is very different from native applications. 8.4 ORACLE (PL/SQL) Oracle is the No 1 database and has the most advanced feature set. Oracle is made up of a set of processes running in our operating system. Oracle database system has the following properties: Atomicity: That is Results of a transactions execution are either all committed or all rolled back. Consistency: The database is transformed from one valid state to another valid state. Illegal transactions arent allowed and, if an integrity constraint cant be satisfied then the transaction is rolled back. Isolation: The results of a transaction are invisible to other transactions until the transaction is complete thus increasing the security on data. Durability: Once committed (completed), the results of a transaction are permanent and survive future system and media failures and thus ensuring maintenance and protection of data (Steven, Bill 2005). We are using PL/SQL (procedural SQL) language to use the Oracle. With PL/SQL, we can use SQL statements to manipulate Oracle data and flow-of-control statements to process the data. Moreover, we can declare constants and variables, define procedures and functions, and trap runtime errors. PL/SQL is a block-structured language. A PL/SQL block has three parts: a declarative part, an executable part, and an exception-handling part (In PL/SQL, a warning or error condition is called an exception). 8.5 MySQL MySQL is open source Relational DataBase Management System (RDBMS). It is using Structured Query Language (SQL). The Mysql has lot of advantages. It is available on many different operating systems. We can use in different platform. It is free to use for personal, private, or development use. It is using Indexes like primary key index and unique index to avoid duplicate row data. We have the opportunity to optimize searching against even large amounts of text located in any field indexed as such. 8.6 My Back End I decided to use Oracle (PL/SQL) to use back end. In oracle, lot of advantages are there. PL/SQL makes it easy to detect and process predefined and user-defined error conditions called exceptions. Anonymous PL/SQL blocks can be embedded in an Oracle Pre-compiler. And one of the main advantages is recent version (10g) oracle has the concept of Flashback technology. Flashback provides an Efficient recovery from human errors Faster database recovery Helps in simplifying the management and administration processes Why I was rejected the MySQL? There are some drawbacks. The indexes take up disk space. Normally the space usage is not significant, but because of creating index on every column in every possible combination, the index file would grow much more quickly than the data file. In the case when a table is of large table size, the index file could reach the operating systems maximum file size. The indexes slow down the speed of writing queries, such as INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE. Because MySQL has to internally maintain the pointers to the inserted rows in the actual data file.

The Stoics and Socrates :: essays research papers

The Stoics and Socrates The question of the reality of the soul and its distinction from the body is among the most important problems of philosophy, for with it is bound up the doctrine of a future life. The soul may be defined as the ultimate internal principle by which we think, feel, and will, and by which our bodies are animated. The term "mind" usually denotes this principle as the subject of our conscious states, while "soul" denotes the source of our vegetative activities as well. If there is life after death, the agent of our vital activities must be capable of an existence separate from the body. The belief in an active principle in some sense distinct from the body is inference from the observed facts of life. The lowest savages arrive at the concept of the soul almost without reflection, certainly without any severe mental effort. The mysteries of birth and death, the lapse of conscious life during sleep, even the most common operations of imagination and memory, which abstract a man from his bodily presence even while awake; all such facts suggest the existence of something besides the visible organism. An existence not entirely defined by the material and to a large extent independent of it, leading a life of its own. In the psychology of the savage, the soul is often represented as actually migrating to and fro during dreams and trances, and after death haunting the neighborhood of its body. Nearly always it is figured as something extremely volatile, a perfume or a breath. In Greece, the heartland of our ancient philosophers, the first essays of philosophy took a positive and somewhat materialistic direction, inherited from the pre-philosophic age, from Homer and the early Greek religion. In Homer, while the distinction of soul and body is recognized, the soul is hardly conceived as possessing a substantial existence of its own. Severed from the body, it is a mere shadow, incapable of energetic life. Other philosophers described the soul's nature in terms of substance. Anaximander gives it an aeriform constitution, Heraclitus describes it as a fire. The fundamental thought is the same. The soul is the nourishing agent which imparts heat, life, sense, and intelligence to all things in their several degrees and kinds. The Pythagoreans taught that the soul is a harmony, its essence consisting in those perfect mathematical ratios which are the law of the universe and the music of the heavenly spheres. All these early theories were cosmological rather than psychological in character. Theology, physics, and mental science were not as yet distinguished. In the "Timaeus" (p.

A Universal Game of Literacy Essay -- Reading Writing Language Essays

A Universal Game of Literacy "The blank page is nothingness-the silence- on which the words enact their epic journey, which is both a quest for a meaning and a creation of meaning." O. B. Hardison The Bible introduced the concept of God as a creator of the universe. In contrast, Darwin's theory supplanted the idea of a single creator orchestrating all extant processes by affirming the role of chance in shaping the reality. According to Darwin's story, random events create chaos in the universe and then re-establish order characterized by certain patterns of life. Like the changes in the environment, the emergence of specific patterns cannot be predicted. Yet, no matter how chance might shape reality, language adapts to mirror all of the changes. Consequently, by molding language to reflect the emerging patterns of life, chance begets new meanings. Building bridges between time and space and arranging the patterns created by chance inside these domains, language contains the expression of meanings. Therefore, using language to describe the surrounding world, we control the universe. The role of language in the formation of reality also makes us reconsider our notions of self an d freedom. Fueled by chance, random memes generate new patterns. As Dennett contends, memes need human minds in order to live and "reproduce" (give rise to a new idea, thought or meme). As soon as a meme assumes a trivial meaning, it is supplanted by other memes. Once a meme is anchored in a brain, it is "processed" and changed in compliance with the idiosyncrasies of that particular brain. Then, it is passed to other brains. According to this description of memes, an individual cannot generate germinal memes without being influenced by ... ...ht in an effective way, those who have mastered to the art of expression elicit emotions and thoughts from the audience. The ability to achieve this grants immortality to the text and its creator. Random events inspire new meanings, contained in words. Arranging words to transmute time and space, people manage to control the universe. Giving us the freedom of thought, language allows us to impose order on the surrounding world, thus enabling us to create reality and grow. Having the ability to transmute the environment according to our own volition, are we free to do whatever we want? Are we entitled to the right to do so? References: Daniel Dennett, Darwin's Dangerous Idea (New York, N.Y.: Touchstone books, 1996) George Orwell, Nineteen Eighty-four (London: Penguin Books, 1990) Jonathan Culler, Literary Theory (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000)

Accountants’ Position

Accountants are in a position to provide advice to business owners to determine which organization structure is best for their particular business venture. Imagine that you were approached by a friend or relative interested in starting a specialty business to design men and women clothing. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of at least two (2) forms of business structures. Make a recommendation regarding the structure your friend or relative should use based on this particular venture. Explain your rationale.Based on your recommendation regarding the appropriate business structure, explain the major advantages and disadvantages of the business owner with minimal accounting experience maintaining the company's books instead of hiring an accountant. Discuss the major impact to the users of accounting statements if the statements are prepared in error. Provide support for your position. The first business structure that I would recommend, would be a partnership I would inform them that general partnerships consist of two or more partners who are both responsible for the business.They share the assets and profits, as well as the liabilities and management responsibilities for running the business. Some benefits of general partnerships is their simplicity and flexibility. General partnerships are usually less expensive to form and require less paperwork and formalities than corporations, limited partnerships or limited liability partnerships. General partnerships can choose a centralized management structure, like a corporation, or a completely decentralized structure, where every partner is actively involved in the management of the business.Other advantages of a general partnership are that the partners can combine resources and share the financial commitment. Some disadvantages to general partnerships, principally liability. General partners are personally liable for the business debts and liabilities. Each partner is also liable for the debts incurred by t he actions of other partners. Because of this potential personal liability, general partnerships are limited in their ability to raise money and attract investors.The second business structure that I would recommend and I think would be most beneficial to both parties would be an LLC (Limited Liability Company). A limited liability company, is a new form of business organization that is certainly worth consideration. It has several features that create favorable tax treatments, as well as protection from personal liability. Since the status of the LLC form of organization varies somewhat from state to state, be certain to find out how your state's law applies.Some of the advantages of an LLC are, LLC allows for an unlimited number of members however, if the LLC has just one owner, it will be taxed as a sole proprietorship. The LLC allows for the special allocation of profits the disproportionate splitting of member profits and losses in different percentages than their respective pe rcentages of ownership. This means that members can enjoy the benefits of receiving profits and writing off losses in excess of their individual ownership percentage.The members enjoy limited liability, which means they are personally protected from any liability of the LLC and successful judgments, as well as from the LLC itself. And just with all advantages there are always disadvantages. Each member's pro-rata share of profits represents taxable income–whether or not a member's share of profits is distributed to him or her. The managing member's share of the bottom-line profit of the LLC is considered earned income, and therefore is subject to self-employment tax.The member’s share of bottom-line profit is not considered earned income because the members are considered to be inactive owners therefore, the members do not qualify for special tax-favored â€Å"fringe benefit† treatment. As a member of an LLC, you are not allowed to pay yourself wages. I would st rongly recommend going with an LLC simple because there is a lot less risk involved. There is a large percentage that businesses fail in the first year, and with that being said you don’t want to lose your business and you personal property too.

Perrier Research

Perrier Synopsis Perrier, French mineral water, made apperance in a unique source with a long history. The Legend dates back to 218 B. C. , Hannibal and his army set up camp on the site now known as â€Å"Les Bouillens† (French for bubbling), while on their way to Rome after the Spanish campaign. The Romans came later and were also the first to build baths at the site of the spring. Towards the end of the 18th century, Dr. Perrier took over the estate of Les Bouillens, which the Granier family had equipped with a bottling plant for mineral water earlier that century.Perrier was a respected physician and he wrote countless articles about the benefits of this mineral water, which he also prescribed to many of his patients. Oddly enough, it was an Englishman called Harmsworth who made Perrier world famous. He was also responsible for the development of the new distinctive bottle in 1903, the design of which was inspired by the Indian exercise clubs he used to stay in shape. Becau se of his acute business sense and good connections, Harmsworth managed to become the supplier to the British army in the then colony of India. This enabled him to reach many British subjects in due course.This success was followed by similar successes in England where Perrier even became the preferred water at Buckingham Palace. The Perrier source is complicated from a geological point of view. The source is situated to the north of the small town of Vergeze on the way to Nimes and is surrounded by limestone. The carbon dioxide used in Perrier does not come from the same borehole as the Perrier water; the two are combined at a later stage of the process. Case Analysis Strengths †¢ Well-know and positive reputation. †¢ Reliability †¢ Competent Research and development †¢ Good-looking Image in consumer’s eyes. Weaknesses Higher price than other firms’ bottled water. †¢ Perrier’s bottles are not so handy to the buyers in a hurry. †¢ T oo many label for each bottled product could make consumer confused. Opportunities †¢ Constant growth of health-conscious consumers. †¢ Asian market is challenging to give a try. †¢ Advertising could play more role than ever if Perrier can be able to come up with new one. Threats †¢ Other companies with cheaper bottled water are main challenge. †¢ Local companies’ products would always be a first option for local buyers over Perrier. †¢ Loyalty of buyers could change anytime if other companies can offer better price and so on.The Five Force Framework The Threat of Potential Entrants Barriers to entry are relatively high since brand recognition is incredibly important. Additionally, larger firms experience significant benefits from economies of scope and scale, making it difficult for new entrants to match their operational efficiencies. Independent brands are able to find success in niche and local markets. Bargaining Power of Buyers Depending on their buyer, buyer power can range from low to medium. Perrier represent roughly 20% of sparkling bottled water segment. However, these relationships are contractual so few changes can be made.Beyond this, other buyers of other products have low power because they are in their own market and strong brand names grant them pricing power in most markets. Bargaining power of suppliers Supplier power for Perrier is medium. I believe that since there are several competitors in this market, suppliers can be persuaded by alluring proposition from other peer competitors. If the competitors can offer more interesting proposition than Perrier could, the situation could be changed dramatically. As a result, Perrier should has its own contract suppliers to supply products.Threat of  Substitutes The threat of substitutes is medium to high. If we consider solely on Perrier’s market , there are many competitive firms trying hard to be the market leader despite Perrier’s largest mar ket share. The competition in this market is filled with emerging companies every year, so we can conclude that if Perrier perishes, no one cares. Substitute products are all over the market as much as consumers grow. Threat of Competitive Rivals Apart from the main competitors of Perrier, Khisu has seized the market share in some cities in United States.Thus, There are many competitors powerful enough to challenge Perrier in this market. So Perrier should be aware and alert of any move from the other companies so as to be ready to take immediate action if the others start moving. Conclusion From the above analysis, Perrier has the very famed brand recognition in consumers’ eyes but nothing lasts long since there are still a lot of competitors ready to replace the number one rank in this market. With Kishu’s in effort to make a foothold in the market, it is not easy for Perrier to thrive greatly in the market.Thus, it is still a long way to go for Perrier on its way ah ead. Furthermore, its new advertisement, as we know it, would still need a lot of improvement in order to catch consumers’ eyes since it looks less unlikely to succeed. As a result, Perrier needs to be careful with everything it’s dealing with right now; advertisement, slight loss in market share and so on. Question Q. Should the advertising agency’s idea be accepted? As far as I’m concerned, the commercial idea from the agency have not impressed consumer to satisfactory degree since the tone and mood of the commercial did not match people lifestyle.The idea of beautiful sleeping woman being bitten by Dracula and the following line â€Å"†¦it’s good, but it’s not Perrier† do not convey much essence of why Perrier is better than blood. The idea is to be a metaphor that blood is as necessary for life as Perrier water, but the way people thinking about it would be a joke. Don’t forget that Perrier’s look is considered a high-end product, but the commercial give us a picture of fun thought rather than premium product. Q. How should Perrier be promoted at this stage in its life? Perrier should come up with something more incisive, majestic and premium look in terms of TV commercial.Additionally, Perrier can make use of other advertising approaches such as holding up luxurious events occasionally to remain a noble look in consumers’ eyes, but somehow tie in its story with the events. To sum up, In this life stage of Perrier, it does not need too many unimportant commercials since it does not need to get consumer out of its target, but what it needs to do is try to keep the brand as premium as possible and to keep old customer to remain loyal for long time. ———————– Potential Entrants Buyers Suppliers Substitutes Competitive Rival